基于特征线法的CO2减压波传播模型构建及止裂壁厚研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230943

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于特征线法并结合描述CO₂状态的S-W方程，构建了减压波传播模型。将减压波波速模拟结果与工业规模实验结果对比，验证了模型的可靠性。采用构建的减压波模型与日本高强度管道研究委员会（HLP）提出的HLP模型，分别对不同初始压力或温度下一维超临界CO₂管道泄漏过程中减压波波速及X65和X70管钢裂纹扩展速度进行模拟计算与比较，以探究初始压力或温度变化对初期减压波速及管道止裂最小壁厚的影响。结果表明：减压波速近似等于初始条件下的声速，故初始压力升高和温度降低（声速上升）会提高减压波的传播速度；当初始压力由7.5 MPa升至9.5 MPa，初期减压波速（0.01 s）上升了53%，X65和X70管钢止裂最小壁厚分别减少了13%和14%；当初始温度由45℃降至35℃时减压波速上升了56%，X65和X70管钢止裂最小壁厚分别减少了20%和19%；当工作压力都低于8.0 MPa（工作温度为35℃）或工作温度分别高于41℃和39℃（工作压力为9.0 MPa）时，由GB 150—2011所计算X65和X70管钢壁厚不具备止裂能力。

关键词: 碳捕获、利用与封存技术, 超临界二氧化碳, 减压波, 模型, 特征线法

Abstract:

Based on the method of characteristics and combined with the S-W equation describing the CO₂ state, a propagation model of decompression wave was constructed. The simulation results of decompression wave velocity were compared with the industrial-scale experimental results to verify the reliability of the model. Using the constructed decompression wave model and the HLP model proposed by the Japan High Strength Pipeline Research Committee (HLP), the decompression wave velocity and crack propagation velocity of X65 and X70 pipe steel during one-dimensional supercritical CO₂ pipeline leakage under different initial pressures or temperatures were simulated and compared to explore the impact of initial pressure or temperature changes on the initial decompression wave velocity and the minimum wall thickness for crack arrest. The results show that the velocity of the decompression wave is approximately equal to the sound velocity under the initial conditions, so an increase in initial pressure and a decrease in temperature (increase in sound velocity) will increase the propagation speed of the decompression wave. When the initial pressure increased from 7.5 MPa to 9.5 MPa, the initial decompression wave velocity (0.01 s) increased by 53%, and the minimum wall thickness of X65 and X70 pipe steel for minimum wall thickness for crack arrest decreased by 13% and 14%, respectively. When the initial temperature decreased from 45℃ to 35℃, the velocity of the decompression wave increased by 56%, and the minimum wall thickness of X65 and X70 tube steels for minimum wall thickness for crack arrest decreased by 20% and 19%, respectively. When the working pressure is both lower than 8.0 MPa (working temperature is 35℃), or the working temperature is higher than 41℃ and 39℃ (working pressure is 9.0 MPa), the X65 and X70 pipe steel wall thickness calculated by GB 150—2011 does not have the ability to stop cracking.

Key words: CCUS technology, supercritical carbon dioxide, decompression wave, model, method of characteristics

中图分类号:

X 937

赫一凡, 于帅, 闫兴清, 喻健良. 基于特征线法的CO₂减压波传播模型构建及止裂壁厚研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 5038-5047.

Yifan HE, Shuai YU, Xingqing YAN, Jianliang YU. Construction of CO₂ decompression wave propagation model based on method of characteristics and research on crack arrest wall thickness[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 5038-5047.

图/表 16

图1 管道示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of pipeline

图2 网格无关性分析

Fig.2 Grid independence analysis

图3 不同减压波传播位置

Fig.3 Propagation positions of decompression waves with different spatial steps

表1 实验条件

Table 1 Experimental conditions

序号

CO₂纯度/

%(体积分数)

泄放

口径/mm

初始

压力/MPa

初始

温度/℃

表2 高频压力传感器分布

Table 2 Distribution of high-frequency pressure sensors

测点	距泄漏口距离/m
P₁	10.4
P₂	13.5
P₃	22.3
P₄	54.2
P₅	62.1
P₆	108.8
P₇	116.8
P₈	162.0

图4 Test 1与Test 2模拟与实验减压波传播图像

Fig.4 Simulation and experimental decompression wave propagation images of Test 1 and Test 2

表3 Test 1减压波速及相对误差

Table 3 Decompression wave speed and relative error of Test 1

位置	距离/m	实验平均减压波速/(m/s)	模拟平均减压波速/(m/s)	相对误差/%
P₁-P₂	3.1	193.75	193.75	0
P₁-P₄	43.7	199.54	202.31	1.4
P₁-P₆	98.4	199.19	202.05	1.4
P₁-P₇	106.4	198.88	201.89	1.5

表4 Test 2减压波速及相对误差

Table 4 Decompression wave speed and relative error of Test 2

位置	距离/m	实验平均减压波速/(m/s)	模拟平均减压波速/(m/s)	相对误差/%
P₁-P₂	3.1	182.35	193.75	6.3
P₁-P₄	43.7	189.18	207.11	9.5
P₁-P₆	98.4	188.51	206.72	9.7
P₁-P₇	106.4	187.99	205.8	9.5

图5 不同初始压力减压波传播曲线及波速(0.01 s)

Fig.5 Propagation curves and wave velocities of decompression waves at different initial pressures (0.01 s)

图6 减压波初始波速示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of initial wave velocity of decompression wave

图7 不同初始温度减压波传播曲线及波速(0.01 s)

Fig.7 Propagation curves and wave velocities of decompression waves at different initial temperatures (0.01 s)

表5 X65和X70基础力学参数

Table 5 Basic mechanical parameters of X65 and X70

牌号	屈服强度σ_YS/MPa		抗拉强度σ_TS/MPa
牌号	最小值	最大值	最小值	最大值
X65	450	570	535	760
X70	485	605	570	760

表6 X65和X70不同工作压力最小止裂厚度（35℃）

Table 6 Minimum crack stopping thickness for X65 and X70 under different working pressures（35℃）

初始压力(工作压力)/MPa	最小壁厚/mm
初始压力(工作压力)/MPa	X65	X70
7.5	3.9	3.7
8.0	3.7	3.5
8.5	3.6	3.4
9.0	3.6	3.4
9.5	3.4	3.2

表7 X65和X70不同工作温度最小止裂厚度（9.0 MPa）

Table 7 Minimum crack stopping thickness for X65 and X70 at different operating temperatures（9.0 MPa）

初始温度(工作温度)/℃	最小壁厚/mm
初始温度(工作温度)/℃	X65	X70
35	3.6	3.4
37	3.9	3.6
39	4.1	3.8
41	4.2	3.9
43	4.3	4.1
45	4.5	4.2

表8 X65和X70不同工作压力计算厚度

Table 8 Calculated thickness for different working pressures of X65 and X70

初始压力(工作压力)/MPa	计算厚度/mm
初始压力(工作压力)/MPa	X65	X70
7.5	3.5	3.2
8.0	3.7	3.4
8.5	3.9	3.6
9.0	4.2	3.8
9.5	4.4	4.0

图8 设计流程图

Fig.8 Design flow chart

参考文献 38

1	李玉星, 刘兴豪, 王财林, 等. 含杂质气态CO₂输送管道腐蚀研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(3): 283-294.
	Li Y X, Liu X H, Wang C L, et al. Research progress on corrosion behavior of gaseous CO₂ transportation pipelines containing impurities[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2021, 57(3): 283-294.
2	郭文瑾, 张一梅, 栗帅, 等. CCUS技术CO₂泄漏模拟及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2022, 45(5): 180-192.
	Guo W J, Zhang Y M, Li S, et al. Simulation and ecological risk assessment of CO₂ leakage for CCUS technology[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022, 45(5): 180-192.
3	宋玲莉, 郑艳杰, 菅向东. 某货轮二氧化碳泄露致急性职业中毒的临床特征分析[J]. 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2023, 41(4): 301-303.
	Song L L, Zheng Y J, Jian X D. Clinical characteristics of acute occupational poisoning caused by carbon dioxide leakage from a cargo ship[J]. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2023, 41(4): 301-303.
4	孙怀志, 高军丽, 李顺勇. 高压氧综合治疗二氧化碳中毒并发急性心肌损伤一例[J]. 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2021, 39(5): 373-374.
	Sun H Z, Gao J L, Li S Y. A case of acute myocardial injury caused by carbon dioxide poisoning treated by hyperbaric oxygen[J]. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2021, 39(5): 373-374.
5	Barberi F, Carapezza M L, Tarchini L, et al. Anomalous discharge of endogenous gas at Lavinio (Rome, Italy) and the Lethal Accident of 5 September 2011[J]. GeoHealth, 2019, 3(12): 407-422.
6	王振. 海岛船用CO₂灭火系统泄漏事故[J]. 中国安全生产, 2018,13(8): 52-53.
	Wang Z. Leakage accident of CO₂ fire extinguishing system on island ships[J] China Safety Production, 2018, 13(8): 52-53.
7	冯忠海, 黄日生, 吴木生, 等. 一起货轮船舱急性二氧化碳中毒事故调查分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2019, 37(1): 84-85.
	Feng Z H, Huang R S, Wu M S, et al. Case report: an accident of acute carbon dioxide poisoning within a freighter cabin[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2019, 37(1): 84-85.
8	Botros K K, Studzinski W, Geerligs J, et al. Determination of decompression wave speed in rich gas mixtures[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2004, 82(5): 880-891.
9	Botros K K, Geerligs J, Carlson L, et al. Experimental validation of GASDECOM for high heating value processed gas mixtures (58 MJ/m³) by specialized shock tube[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2013, 107: 20-26.
10	Vijayan V, Bae H, Marti T, et al. Decompression wave speed and crack velocity measurements during S4 test in water pressurized plastic pipes(1): Experimental methods[J]. Polymer Testing, 2016, 53: 338-346.
11	Xie Q Y, Tu R, Jiang X, et al. The leakage behavior of supercritical CO₂ flow in an experimental pipeline system[J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 130: 574-580.
12	Vree B, Ahmad M, Buit L, et al. Rapid depressurization of a CO₂ pipeline—an experimental study[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 41: 41-49.
13	顾帅威, 李玉星, 滕霖, 等. 小尺度超临界CO₂管道小孔泄漏减压及温降特性[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(2): 805-812.
	Gu S W, Li Y X, Teng L, et al. Decompression and temperature drop characteristics of small-scale supercritical CO₂ pipeline leakage with small holes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(2): 805-812.
14	Ahmad M, Lowesmith B, De Koeijer G, et al. COSHER joint industry project: large scale pipeline rupture tests to study CO₂ release and dispersion[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 37: 340-353.
15	Clausen S, Oosterkamp A, Strøm K L. Depressurization of a 50 km long 24 inches CO₂ pipeline[J]. Energy Procedia, 2012, 23: 256-265.
16	喻健良, 郭晓璐, 陈绍云. 工业规模CO₂管道泄放装置设计和试验研究[C]//第二届CCPS中国过程安全会议. 大连, 2014.
	Yu J L, Guo X L, Chen S Y. Design and experimental research on industrial scale CO₂ pipeline release devices[C]// 2nd CCPS China Process Safety Conference Proceedings. Dalian, 2014.
17	唐建峰, 段常贵, 吕文哲, 等. 特征线法在燃气管道动态模拟中的应用[J]. 油气储运, 2001, 20(8): 12-17, 58.
	Tang J F, Duan C G, Lyu W Z, et al. The application of the characteristics method to the dynamic simulation of gas pipeline[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2001, 20(8): 12-17, 58.
18	宋涛. 天然气管网特征线法动态仿真分析[D]. 西安: 西安石油大学, 2015.
	Song T. Dynamic simulation analysis of natural gas pipeline network by characteristic method[D].: Shiyou University, 2015.
19	孙良, 王建林, 赵利强. 负压波法在液体管道上的可检测泄漏率分析[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(4): 654-658.
	Sun L, Wang J L, Zhao L Q. Analysis on detectable leakage ratio of liquid pipeline by negative pressure wave method[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(4): 654-658.
20	陈福来, 帅健, 冯耀荣, 等. 高压天然气输送管道断裂过程中气体减压波速的计算[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 33(4): 130-135.
	Chen F L, Shuai J, Feng Y R, et al. Calculation of high-pressure natural gas decompression wave velocity during pipeline fracture[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2009, 33(4): 130-135.
21	李江飞, 徐康泰, 贺晓, 等. 基于Span Wagner状态方程的二氧化碳管道数值仿真[J]. 科技通报, 2017, 33(5): 10-15.
	Li J F, Xu K T, He X, et al. Numerical simulation of CO₂ pipeline based on Span Wagner EOS[J]. Bulletin of Science and Technology, 2017, 33(5): 10-15.
22	赵青. 含杂质CO₂不同相态管输节流及减压特性研究[D]. 东营: 中国石油大学(华东), 2015.
	Zhao Q. Study on throttling and depressurization characteristics of CO₂ pipeline with different phases[D]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum, 2015.
23	李鹤, 李洋, 王鹏, 等. X80管线钢管动态裂纹扩展速度计算[J]. 压力容器, 2013, 30(2): 33-35, 21.
	Li H, Li Y, Wang P, et al. Calculation of dynamic crack propagation velocities for X80 line pipe[J]. Pressure Vessel Technology, 2013, 30(2): 33-35, 21.
24	Martynov S B, Talemi R H, Brown S, et al. Assessment of fracture propagation in pipelines transporting impure CO₂ streams[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 114: 6685-6697.
25	Guo X L, Yan X Q, Yu J L, et al. Pressure responses and phase transitions during the release of high pressure CO₂ from a large-scale pipeline[J]. Energy, 2017, 118: 1066-1078.
26	谭羽非. 高等工程热力学[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2018.
	Tan Y F. Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics[M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2018.
27	Span R, Wagner W. A new equation of state for carbon dioxide covering the fluid region from the triple-point temperature to 1100 K at pressures up to 800 MPa[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1996, 25(6): 1509-1596.
28	Martynov S, Zheng W T, Mahgerefteh H, et al. Computational and experimental study of solid-phase formation during the decompression of high-pressure CO₂ pipelines[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018, 57(20): 7054-7063.
29	Guo X L, Yan X Q, Yu J L, et al. Pressure response and phase transition in supercritical CO₂ releases from a large-scale pipeline[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 178: 189-197.
30	Munkejord S T, Austegard A, Deng H, et al. Depressurization of CO₂ in a pipe: high-resolution pressure and temperature data and comparison with model predictions[J]. Energy, 2020, 211: 118560.
31	Munkejord S T, Deng H, Austegard A, et al. Depressurization of CO₂-N₂ and CO₂-He in a pipe: experiments and modelling of pressure and temperature dynamics[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2021, 109: 103361.
32	Patricia S, Kamal K B, Brian R, 等. 含杂质二氧化碳管道输送[M]. 赵帅, 译. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2014.
	Patricia S, Kamal K B, Brian R, et al. Pipeline Transportation of Carbon Dioxide Containing Impurities[M]. Zhao S, trans. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2014.
33	王保国, 高歌, 黄伟光. 非定常气体动力学[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2014.
	Wang B G, Gao G, Huang W G. Unsteady Aerodynamics[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2014.
34	王佐强, 刘极莉, 刘楚, 等. 海底输气管道延性断裂扩展机理及断裂控制[J]. 石化技术, 2015, 22(5): 157-159.
	Wang Z Q, Liu J L, Liu C, et al. Ductile fracture propagation theory and fracture control in submarine gas pipeline[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2015, 22(5): 157-159.
35	Guo X L, Xu S Q, Chen G J, et al. Fracture criterion and control plan on CO₂ pipelines: theory analysis and full-bore rupture (FBR) experimental study[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2021, 69: 104394.
36	Jo M C, Lee S G, Sohn S S, et al. Effects of coiling temperature and pipe-forming strain on yield strength variation after ERW pipe forming of API X70 and X80 linepipe steels[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2017, 682: 304-311.
37	Witek M. Possibilities of using X80, X100, X120 high-strength steels for onshore gas transmission pipelines[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 27: 374-384.
38	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 压力容器: [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2011.
	General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Pressure vessels: [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011.

[1]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[2]	连梦雅, 谈莹莹, 王林, 陈枫, 曹艺飞. 地下水预热新风一体化热泵空调系统制热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 311-319.
[3]	金正浩, 封立杰, 李舒宏. 氨水溶液交叉型再吸收式热泵的能量及分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 53-63.
[4]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[5]	王浩, 王振雷. 基于自适应谱方法的裂解炉烧焦模型化简策略[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3855-3864.
[6]	李科, 文键, 忻碧平. 耦合蒸气冷却屏的真空多层绝热结构对液氢储罐自增压过程的影响机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3786-3796.
[7]	于旭东, 李琪, 陈念粗, 杜理, 任思颖, 曾英. 三元体系KCl + CaCl₂ + H₂O 298.2、323.2及348.2 K相平衡研究及计算[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3256-3265.
[8]	诸程瑛, 王振雷. 基于改进深度强化学习的乙烯裂解炉操作优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3429-3437.
[9]	闫琳琦, 王振雷. 基于STA-BiLSTM-LightGBM组合模型的多步预测软测量建模[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3407-3418.
[10]	李锦潼, 邱顺, 孙文寿. 煤浆法烟气脱硫中草酸和紫外线强化煤砷浸出过程[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3522-3532.
[11]	洪瑞, 袁宝强, 杜文静. 垂直上升管内超临界二氧化碳传热恶化机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[12]	刘春雨, 周桓宇, 马跃, 岳长涛. CaO调质含油污泥干燥特性及数学模型[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 3018-3027.
[13]	郭雨莹, 敬加强, 黄婉妮, 张平, 孙杰, 朱宇, 冯君炫, 陆洪江. 稠油管道水润滑减阻及压降预测模型修正[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2898-2907.
[14]	李艳辉, 丁邵明, 白周央, 张一楠, 于智红, 邢利梅, 高鹏飞, 王永贞. 非常规服役超临界锅炉的微纳尺度腐蚀动力学模型建立及应用[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2436-2446.
[15]	刘起超, 周云龙, 陈聪. 起伏振动垂直上升管气液两相流截面含气率分析与计算[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2391-2403.

基于特征线法的CO₂减压波传播模型构建及止裂壁厚研究

Construction of CO₂ decompression wave propagation model based on method of characteristics and research on crack arrest wall thickness

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 16

参考文献 38

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价