多元组分爆轰不稳定性定量实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240717

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对两种不同碳氢比例的多元组分进行爆轰不稳定性分析。在D=80 mm圆管中进行爆轰实验，分析多元组分的爆轰速度变化特性和胞格结构变化特性。分别从三波点轨迹间距、螺距和化学反应进程角度分析氢分压对多元组分爆轰不稳定性的影响，发现多元组分#1的爆轰速度与氢气预混气类似，虽有波动但总体较为平稳，始终稳定在0.95V_CJ以上；多元组分#2的爆轰速度与甲烷预混气类似，波动幅度较大。从胞格结构特性角度分析，发现爆轰螺旋头数的变化趋势与速度变化趋势相似。三种不稳定性分析方法均得到多元组分#1的稳定性比多元组分#2的稳定性大。研究结果有助于整体把握多元组分的爆轰传播机理。

关键词: 多元组分, 爆轰, 不稳定性, 氢, 甲烷, 反应动力学

Abstract:

The detonation instability of two multi-component components with different C/H ratios is analyzed. Detonation experiments were carried out in a D=80 mm tube to analyze the characteristics of detonation velocity and cell structure changes of the multi-component components. The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the instability of multi-component detonation was analyzed from the angle of three-wave point trajectory spacing, pitch and chemical reaction process. It is found that the detonation velocity of multi-component #1 is similar to that of hydrogen premixed gas, although it fluctuates, it is generally stable, and is always stable above 0.95V_CJ. The detonation velocity of multi-component #2 is similar to that of methane premixed gas, and the fluctuation range is larger. From the perspective of cell structure characteristics, it is found that the variation trend of the number of detonation helical heads is similar to that of the velocity. The stability of component #1 is greater than that of component #2. The results are helpful to grasp the detonation propagation mechanism of multi-component.

Key words: multi-component, detonation, instability, hydrogen, methane, reaction kinetics

中图分类号:

V 231

赵焕娟, 包颖昕, 于康, 刘婧, 钱新明. 多元组分爆轰不稳定性定量实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 339-348.

Huanjuan ZHAO, Yingxin BAO, Kang YU, Jing LIU, Xinming QIAN. Quantitative experimental study on detonation instability of multi-component[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(S1): 339-348.

图/表 14

图1 爆轰实验装置

Fig.1 Detonation experimental equipment

表1 两种多元组分各气体组分比例

Table 1 Mixtures with different fuel compositions used in the experiment

多元组分	CH₄	H₂	O₂	N₂	C₂H₂	C₂H₄	CO	CO₂	其他
#1	0.021	0.064	0.277	0.375	0.016	0.031	0.054	0.049	0.001
#2	0.012	0.027	0.277	0.429	0.015	0.025	0.047	0.044	0.001

图2 不同预混气的爆轰速度

Fig.2 Detonation velocity of different premixed mixtures

图3 四种预混气的烟膜记录

Fig.3 Smoke foil records of different premixed mixtures

图4 多元组分与氢气、甲烷预混气的三波点轨迹间距对比图

Fig.4 Comparison diagram of triple point trajectory spacing between multi-component and hydrogen and methane

图5 多元组分在不同初始压力下的三波点轨迹间距对比图

Fig.5 Comparison diagram of triple point trajectory spacing of multiple components under different initial pressures

表2 各预混气三波点轨迹间距方差

Table 2 Variance of triple point trajectory spacing for each premixed mixture

预混气	初始压力/kPa	方差/mm²
多元组分#1	20	6.72
	25	5.25
	40	2.72
	50	1.75
	80	2.87
	100	3.10
多元组分#2	20	8.63
	25	7.61
	40	6.90
	50	8.38
	80	4.02
	100	4.15
2H₂+O₂	15	0.58
CH₄+2O₂	15	2.70

图6 胞格结构中的螺距示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of pitch in cellular structure

图7 两种多元组分在不同初始压力条件下的螺距平均值

Fig.7 Average pitch of two multiple components under different initial pressure conditions

表3 螺距与初始压力关系式参数

Table 3 Parameters of the relationship between pitch and initial pressure

多元组分	a	b	关系式	R²
#1	227.2997	0.5035	$L = 227.2997 {P_{0}}^{- 0.5035}$	0.8999
#2	448.3514	0.7966	$L = 448.3514 {P_{0}}^{- 0.7966}$	0.9784

表3 螺距与初始压力关系式参数

Table 3 Parameters of the relationship between pitch and initial pressure

多元组分	a	b	关系式	R²
#1	227.2997	0.5035	$L = 227.2997 {P_{0}}^{- 0.5035}$	0.8999
#2	448.3514	0.7966	$L = 448.3514 {P_{0}}^{- 0.7966}$	0.9784

表4 三种预混气的不稳定性参数X、有效活化能与胞格不稳定性对比［29］

Table 4 Comparison of instability parameter X， effective activation energy and cell instability of the three premixed gases［29］

预混气	X	ε_I/(kJ/mol)	胞格不稳定度
CH₄+2O₂	52.50	11.84	高度不稳定
2H₂+O₂+50%Ar	0.74	4.52	高度稳定

表5 不稳定性参数比较

Table 5 Comparison of instability parameters

项目	$X_{C H_{4}}$	$X_{H_{2}}$	$X_{M 1}$	$X_{M 2}$
理论值	52.50	0.74	13.53	16.67
实验值	2.70	0.58	1.10	1.23
偏差	94.86%	21.62%	91.86%	92.62%

表5 不稳定性参数比较

Table 5 Comparison of instability parameters

项目	$X_{C H_{4}}$	$X_{H_{2}}$	$X_{M 1}$	$X_{M 2}$
理论值	52.50	0.74	13.53	16.67
实验值	2.70	0.58	1.10	1.23
偏差	94.86%	21.62%	91.86%	92.62%

表6 不同气体的反应进程对比

Table 6 Comparison of reaction processes of different premixed mixtures

预混气	基元反应进程
2H₂+O₂+3Ar^[30]	H₂+O₂HO₂·+H·
	H₂+MH·+H·+M
	H·+O₂OH·+O·
	O·+H₂OH·+H·
	HO₂·+H·OH·+OH·
	H₂+HO₂·H₂O₂+H·
	H₂O₂OH·+OH·
	OH·+H₂H₂O+H·
CH₄+2O₂^[31]	CH₃+OHHCOH+H₂
	HCOH+O₂CO₂+H₂O
	HCOH+O₂CO₂+H+OH
	CH₃OHCH₃+OH
	CH₃OH+CH₃CH₃O+CH₄
	CH₂OH+O₂CH₂O+HO₂
	CH₂OH+HCO2CH₂O
	CH₂O+HCH₂OH
	CH₃+OHCH₂OH+H
	CH₂+O₂HCO+OH
	CH₄+CH₂2CH₃
	CH₂+O₂CO₂+2H
	CH₃+OHCH₂+H₂O
	CH₂(S)+O₂CO+H₂O
	CH₂(S)+H₂CH₃+H
	CH₂(S)+O₂H+OH+CO
	CH₃+OHCH₂(S)+H₂O

图8 不同气体的化学反应原理图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of chemical reaction of different gases

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