氧化铝纳米流体液冷电池热管理性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251166

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动力电池组在充放电过程中会积攒大量热量，有必要设计热管理系统控制电池组温升。液冷板式间接冷却是一种应用广泛，效果优异的电池热管理方式。然而，传统的冷却液热导率较低，换热能力有限，而纳米流体可以有效提高基础冷却液的热导率，提高整体热管理性能。因此，本研究使用两步法合成了具有较高热导率和稳定性的氧化铝纳米流体，并进行了电池热管理实验测试，探究了功率、流量和浓度对电池热管理性能的影响，结果表明，纳米流体的加入可以有效降低整体热源温升，压降无明显提高。且在低流量、高功率和高浓度下降低效果最佳，当进口流量为100 mL/min，发热功率为150 W时，热源最高温度降低了1.6 °C。综合传热性能和功耗的评估中，在进口流量为100 mL/min，加热功率为150 W条件下，相比去离子水，2 wt%纳米流体的综合评估指标提升了10.4%，氧化铝纳米流体的加入有效提高了电池热管理系统综合性能。

关键词: 传热, 纳米粒子, 氧化铝, 热导率, 综合性能评估

Abstract:

Thermal management systems are critical for mitigating excessive heat accumulation in power battery packs during charging/discharging cycles. Among existing strategies, cold plate-based indirect liquid cooling has emerged as a dominant solution due to its superior thermal management performance. However, conventional coolants face intrinsic limitations in heat dissipation capacity caused by the low thermal conductivity. This study addresses this challenge by synthesizing a highly stable aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanofluids with enhanced thermal conductivity through a two-step preparation method. The thermal management performance of nanofluid is experimentally evaluated under varying operational conditions, including heat generation power, coolant flow rate, and nanofluid concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that nanofluid reduces maximum temperatures by up to 1.6 °C compared to base fluids under high power (150 W) and low flow rate (100 mL/min) conditions, achieving a 10.4% improvement in the comprehensive performance evaluation criterion (PEC) that considers heat transfer enhancement and power consumption. These findings establish nanofluid-based liquid cooling as a promising pathway for advancing battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles.

Key words: heat transfer, nanoparticles, aluminum oxide, thermal conductivity, comprehensive performance evaluation

中图分类号:

TM 91

侯竣升, 李栋宇, 黄磊, 吴俊杰, 陈真真, 郝南京. 氧化铝纳米流体液冷电池热管理性能研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251166.

Junsheng HOU, Dongyu LI, Lei HUANG, Junjie WU, Zhenzhen CHEN, Nanjing HAO. Research on aluminum oxide nanofluid liquid cooling battery thermal management performance[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251166.

图/表 5

图1 (a) 氧化铝纳米流体制备流程; (b) 氧化铝纳米颗粒SEM图像; (c) 氧化铝纳米流体粒径分布图; (d) 氧化铝纳米颗粒XRD图像; (e) 不同浓度纳米流体热导率; (f) 不同浓度纳米流体3天Zeta电位; (g) 不同浓度纳米流体物理沉降图

Fig. 1 (a) Preparation process of Al2O3 nanofluids; (b) SEM image of Al2O3 nanoparticles; (c) Particle size distribution diagram of Al2O3 nanofluids; (d) XRD image of Al2O3 nanoparticles; (e) Thermal conductivity of nanofluids with different concentrations; (f) Zeta potential of nanofluids with different concentrations after 3 days; (g) Physical sedimentation picture of nanofluids with different concentrations

图2 (a) 实验系统示意图; (b) 测试段爆炸图; (c) 冷板尺寸和热电偶分布; (d) 重复性实验温升曲线; (e) 重复性实验热损失

Fig.2 (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental system; (b) Exploded view of the test section; (c) Cold plate dimensions and thermocouple distribution; (d) Temperature rise curve of repeatability experiments; (e) Heat loss of repeatability experiments

图3 (a) 不同加热功率下的温升曲线; (b) 不同加热功率下的热源最高温度; (c) 不同加热功率下热源最大温差; (d) 不同加热功率下压降

Fig.3 (a) Temperature rise curve under different heating powers; (b) Maximum temperature of heat source under different heating powers; (c) Maximum temperature difference of heat source under different heating powers; (d) Pressure drop under different heating powers

图4 (a) 不同进口流量下的温升曲线; (b) 不同进口流量下的热源最高温度; (c) 不同进口流量下热源最大温差; (d) 不同进口流量下压降

Fig.4 (a) Temperature rise curve under different flow rates; (b) Maximum temperature of heat source under different flow rates; (c) Maximum temperature difference of heat source under different flow rates; (d) Pressure drop under different flow rates

图5 (a) 不同纳米流体浓度下的温升曲线; (b) 不同纳米流体浓度下的热源最高温度及最大温差; (c) 不同纳米流体浓度下压降

Fig.5 (a) Temperature rise curve under different flow rates; (b) Maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of heat source under different flow rates; (c) Pressure drop under different flow rates

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