不同DO下SBBR亚硝酸型同步脱氮及N2O释放特性

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181333

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在(20±2.0)℃ 条件下，以实际生活污水为处理对象，以碳纤维为填料（填充率35%），利用序批式生物膜（sequencing batch biofilm reactor，SBBR）反应器，通过限氧曝气，成功实现了亚硝酸型同步生物脱氮（simultaneous nitrification and denitrification，SND）过程。荧光原位杂交技术（fluorescence in-situ hybridization，FISH）半定量表明，氨氧化菌（ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB）是硝化系统中的优势菌种。微生物将外碳源以聚β–羟基烷酸酯(poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate，PHA)的形式储存在体内，作为后续反硝化过程所需内碳源。DO=0.5 mg/L，SBBR系统NH₄ ⁺-N和TN去除率分别为95%以上和80.4%，SND效率达77.9%。出水NO _x ^--N小于10 mg/L，且以NO₂ ^--N为主。DO=2.0、1.2和0.5 mg/L时，系统N₂O释放量分别为1.38、2.39和1.65 mg/L。AOB的好氧反硝化过程和低氧条件下以PHA作为内碳源的NO _x ^--N反硝化过程，都会导致N₂O释放。低DO水平是实现亚硝酸型同步脱氮过程和降低N₂O释放的关键因素。低DO促进了AOB的竞争优势，形成了良好的缺氧微环境，降低了COD降解速率，为反硝化过程提供外碳源作为电子供体，从而降低了N₂O释放量。

关键词: 亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化, 溶解氧, N₂O, PHA

Abstract:

At normal temperature of (20±2.0)℃, using actual domestic wastewater as influent substrate and carbon fibre as biological carriers (filling rate 35%), the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite was achieved in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor under limited DO concentrations. The results of fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) became the dominant species in the nitrification process under limited DO concentration. During the anoxic and the initial aerobic process, the external COD was taken up and converted to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which can be used as internal carbon sources for the following denitrification. DO=0.5 mg/L, the NH₄ ⁺-N removal, TN removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification efficiency was more than 95%, 80.4% and 77.9%, respectively. The concentration of NO _x ^--N in the effluent was less than 10 mg/L and mainly in the form of NO₂ ^--N. When the DO concentration was controlled at 2.0, 1.2 and 0.5 mg/L, the N₂O emission was 1.38, 2.39 and 1.65 mg/L, respectively. Both the aerobic denitrification process of AOB and the denitrification of NO _x ^--N with PHA as carbon source at the presence of lower oxygen can lead to the release of N₂O. The long time of lower DO conditions promoted AOB s competitive advantage, formed a micro-environment for denitrifiers, reduced the COD degradation rate, and provided an external carbon source as an electronic donor for denitrification, thereby reducing N₂O emissions.

Key words: simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite, DO, N₂O, PHA

中图分类号:

X 703.1

巩有奎, 任丽芳, 彭永臻. 不同DO下SBBR亚硝酸型同步脱氮及N₂O释放特性[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1550-1558.

Youkui GONG, Lifang REN, Yongzhen PENG. Characteristics of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite and N₂O emission in SBBR under different DO concentrations[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1550-1558.

图/表 9

图1 SBBR试验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of SBBR system

表1 不同菌群比耗氧速率（SOUR）试验过程[18]

Table 1 Process of SOUR for different bacteria

编号	添加抑制剂	实验目的	比耗氧速率（SOUR）
1	—	测定SBBR系统微生物总SOUR	SOUR₁
2	ATU	抑制AOB活性	SOUR₂
3	NaClO₃	抑制NOB活性	SOUR₃
4	ATU+ NaClO₃	同时抑制AOB和NOB的活性	SOUR₄

图2 不同DO下SBBR反应器运行特性

Fig.2 Performance of nitrogen removal in SBBR under different DO concentrations

图3 不同DO下系统AOB、NOB耗氧速率

Fig.3 Effect of DO concentration on biofilm activities in SBBR

图4 不同阶段污泥中硝化菌群相对含量

Fig.4 Enrichment nitrifying bacteria in SBBR in different periods

图5 典型周期系统内碳源利用情况

Fig.5 Utilization of carbon source and PHA in typical cycles

图6 不同DO下典型周期SBBR反应器NH4 +-N，NO2 --N，NO3 --N，N2O-N和TN变化曲线

Fig.6 Variation of NH4 +-N, NO2 --N, NO3 --N, N2O-N and TN concentrations in typical operational cycles of SBBR under different DO concentrations

图7 硝化过程与异养反硝化过程中 N2O 的产生途径[26]

Fig.7 Pathway of N2O production during nitrification and denitrification process[26]

图8 不同DO下典型周期SBBR反应器N2O产生速率

Fig.8 Variation of N2O-N production rate in typical operational cycles of SBBR under different DO concentrations

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不同DO下SBBR亚硝酸型同步脱氮及N₂O释放特性

Characteristics of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite and N₂O emission in SBBR under different DO concentrations

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