上流式反应器气液相间传质特性的实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190636

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (10): 3914-3923.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20190636

上流式反应器气液相间传质特性的实验研究

曹俊雅¹(),张绅¹,张涛²,雍玉梅³(),杨超^3,⁴

1. 中国矿业大学（北京），化学与环境工程学院，北京 100083
2. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司石油化工研究院，北京 102200
3. 中国科学院过程工程研究所，中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室，北京 100190
4. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-06-10 修回日期:2019-09-17 出版日期:2019-10-05 发布日期:2019-10-05
通讯作者: 雍玉梅
作者简介:曹俊雅（1981—），女，博士，副教授，caojy@cumtb.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFB0301701);国家自然科学基金项目(21776283);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030)

Experimental study of gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics in up-flow reactor

Junya CAO¹(),Shen ZHANG¹,Tao ZHANG²,Yumei YONG³(),Chao YANG^3,⁴

1. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2. Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102200, China
3. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-06-10 Revised:2019-09-17 Online:2019-10-05 Published:2019-10-05
Contact: Yumei YONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

上流式反应器设置在固定床渣油加氢反应器前有利于提高渣油原料适用性，延长装置运行时间。实验研究了上流式反应器气液相间传质，采用五齿柱形氧化铝催化剂模拟工业催化剂颗粒，水溶液模拟渣油，空气模拟氢气，采用无氧水物理吸收和亚硫酸钠化学吸收的方法，测定了在高气液比的条件下上流式反应器床层气液相间传质特性实验。考察了表观气速、表观液速、填料粒径、内构件、催化剂级配和床层高径比对液相体积传质系数和气液相界比表面积的影响规律。实验数据表明，液相体积传质系数随着气、液速的增大而增大；随填料颗粒增大而减小；在床层内安装合适的内构件或增大反应器高径比，能够促进气液相间传质。基于实验数据拟合了适合上流式反应器液相体积传质系数和气液相界比表面积的经验关联式，拟合误差最大分别为12%和24%；表明所建气液相间传质的经验关联式能更好地预测上流式反应器中的气液相间传质特性。

关键词: 反应器, 传质, 渣油加氢, 内构件, 颗粒级配, 反应工程

Abstract:

The upflow reactor is a key pre-reactor of fixed bed residual hydrocracking process, which improves the applicability to residual materials and prolongs the run time of the device. Experimental bench of upflow reactor for the mass transfer process between gas and liquid was built. The industrial catalysts particles with the shape of pentagonal cylinder are packed in the reactor, and air simulates hydrogen and aqueous solution for oil. Based on physical absorption of oxygen into water and chemical absorption into sodium sulfite, the gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics in the upflow reactors are explored under the condition of high gas liquid flux ratio. The influences of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, packing particle dimension, internal component, catalyst packing gradation and the ratio of height to diameter on volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient and gas-liquid interfacial area were investigated. The experimental data show that the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient increases with the increase of gas and liquid superficial velocity. The smaller the particle diameter, the greater the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient is. Installing proper internal components in the bed layer can enhance gas-liquid mass transfer and the larger aspect ratio of the reactor is beneficial to the gas-liquid mass transfer process. Based on the experimental data, the empirical correlation formula suitable for the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient and gas-liquid interfacial area of upflow reactor are established, and the maximum fitting errors are 12% and 24% respectively. That the empirical correlations of gas-liquid mass transfer may well describe the characteristics of gas-liquid mass transfer in upflow reactor.

Key words: reactor, mass transfer, residual oil hydrogenation, internals, particles gradation, reaction engineering

中图分类号:

TQ 021.4

曹俊雅, 张绅, 张涛, 雍玉梅, 杨超. 上流式反应器气液相间传质特性的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(10): 3914-3923.

Junya CAO, Shen ZHANG, Tao ZHANG, Yumei YONG, Chao YANG. Experimental study of gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics in up-flow reactor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(10): 3914-3923.

图/表 10

图1 气液相间传质的实验装置流程图 1—计算机；2—溶氧仪；3—溶氧仪探针；4—催化剂床层；5—内构件；6—储液槽；7—溢流槽；8—挡网；9—气液分布器；10—离心泵； 11—液体流量计；12—压力表；13—气体流量计；14—干燥机；15—缓冲罐；16—空气压缩机；17—取样点；18,19—排液阀

Fig.1 Experimental equipment flow chart for gas-liquid mass transfer

图2 实验误差分析

Fig.2 Experimental error analysis(ul =1.76×10-3 m·s-1，H/D=2.7，d p=3 mm， ρ =530 kg·m-3)

图3 气液速对气液相间传质特性的影响

Fig.3 Effect of gas-liquid velocity on mass transfer characteristics between gas-liquid phases(H/D=2.7, d p=3 mm, ρ =530 kg·m-3)

图4 催化剂粒径对气液相间传质特性的影响

Fig.4 Effect of catalyst particle size on mass transfer characteristics between gas-liquid phases(ul =1.76×10-3 m·s-1，H/D=2.7)

图5 催化剂级配对气液相间传质特性的影响

Fig.5 Effect of particle gradation on mass transfer characteristics between gas-liquid phases(ul =1.76×10-3 m·s-1，H/D=2.7)

图6 内构件对气液相间传质特性的影响

Fig.6 Effect of internals on mass transfer characteristics between gas-liquid phases

图7 高径比对气液相间传质特性的影响

Fig.7 Effect of ratio of height to diameter on mass transfer characteristics between gas-liquid phases

图8 气液相界比表面积实验值与关联式计算值的对比

Fig.8 Comparison of experimental results and calculated values on gas-liquid interfacial area

图9 液相体积传质系数实验值与关联式计算值的对比

Fig.9 Comparison of experimental results and calculated values on volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient

图10 与固定床经验关联式计算值的对比

Fig.10 Comparison with calculated value of fixed bed experience correlation

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上流式反应器气液相间传质特性的实验研究

Experimental study of gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics in up-flow reactor

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