真实温度的辐射测量

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190459

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

真实温度的辐射测量一直是非接触测温追求的梦想。通过分析辐射测温模型，找到了真实温度辐射测量的实现条件——用物体和仪器发射率曲线相交点下的特定波长，封闭求解仪器温度，即可得到真实温度。波段辐射传感和谱色函数簇是实现真实温度辐射测量的两大关键技术，前者是为了“覆盖”数值不确定的特定波长，后者则提供了波长坐标轴以标识数值不相同的特定波长。

关键词: 真实温度, 辐射, 测量, 仪器, 特定波长, 波段辐射, 谱色函数簇

Abstract:

The equation of radiation temperature measurement is put forward, and the functional relationship between the object and the instrument is established. By analyzing the radiation temperature measurement model, the conditions to realize radiation measurement for the real temperature is found, that is, using the specific wavelength at the intersection point of the emissivity curve of the object and the instrument, the real temperature can be obtained by closed solution of the specific instrument temperature. Waveband radiation sensing and primary spectrum function clusters are two key technologies to obtain the real temperature. The former is to “cover” specific wavelength with uncertain numerical value, while the latter provides wavelength coordinate axis to identify specific wavelength with different numerical value. Taking tungsten as an example, the influence of the number of specific wavelengths on temperature solution is analyzed, and the error formula of temperature measurement by primary spectrum pyrometry is given.

Key words: real temperature, radiation, measurement, instrumentation, specific wavelength, band radiation, primary spectrum function clusters

中图分类号:

TK 311

程晓舫,潘其其,程子奇. 真实温度的辐射测量[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(S2): 8-14.

Xiaofang CHENG,Qiqi PAN,Ziqi CHENG. Radiation measurement for real temperature[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S2): 8-14.

图/表 6

图1 同一仪器发射率函数下金属钨在1800 K和2000 K时的特定波长

Fig.1 Specific wavelength of tungsten at 1800 K and 2000 K under same instrument emissivity function

表1 温度求解数据库结构

Table 1 Database structure of temperature solution

温度值T/K	温度参量值
T₁	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T 1$
T₂	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T 2$
?	?
T_n_-1	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T n - 1$
T_n	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T n$

表1 温度求解数据库结构

Table 1 Database structure of temperature solution

温度值T/K	温度参量值
T₁	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T 1$
T₂	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T 2$
?	?
T_n_-1	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T n - 1$
T_n	$A 1, A 2, A 3, B 1, B 2, B 3, D, E T n$

图2 不同温度金属钨发射率及其拟合曲线(0.35~1.05 μm)

Fig.2 Emissivity and fitting curve of tungsten at different temperatures(0.35—1.05 μm)

表2 不同温度金属钨发射率拟合结果(0.35~1.05 μm)

Table 2 Fitting results of tungsten emissivity at different temperatures(0.35—1.05 μm)

温度/K	拟合曲线方程	R²
1800	$ε λ, 1800 = 74.112 λ 7 - 412.4 λ 6 + 958.78 λ 5 - 1205.6 λ 4 + 883.94 λ 3 - 377.35 λ 2 + 86.613 λ - 7.7543$	0.9994
2000	$ε (λ, 2000) = 81.103 λ 7 - 453.79 λ 6 + 1058.5 λ 5 - 1332.1 λ 4 + 975.19 λ 3 - 414.74 λ 2 + 94.667 λ - 8.4604$	0.9992
2400	$ε (λ, 2400) = 76.392 λ 7 - 452.54 λ 6 + 1099.3 λ 5 - 1421.8 λ 4 + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1058.2 λ 3 - 453.39 λ 2 + 103.51 λ - 9.247$	0.9988

表2 不同温度金属钨发射率拟合结果(0.35~1.05 μm)

Table 2 Fitting results of tungsten emissivity at different temperatures(0.35—1.05 μm)

温度/K	拟合曲线方程	R²
1800	$ε λ, 1800 = 74.112 λ 7 - 412.4 λ 6 + 958.78 λ 5 - 1205.6 λ 4 + 883.94 λ 3 - 377.35 λ 2 + 86.613 λ - 7.7543$	0.9994
2000	$ε (λ, 2000) = 81.103 λ 7 - 453.79 λ 6 + 1058.5 λ 5 - 1332.1 λ 4 + 975.19 λ 3 - 414.74 λ 2 + 94.667 λ - 8.4604$	0.9992
2400	$ε (λ, 2400) = 76.392 λ 7 - 452.54 λ 6 + 1099.3 λ 5 - 1421.8 λ 4 + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1058.2 λ 3 - 453.39 λ 2 + 103.51 λ - 9.247$	0.9988

表3 金属钨测温模拟实验结果

Table 3 Simulated experimental temperature measurement results of tungsten

真实温度/K	仪器温度/K	绝对误差/K	相对误差/%
1800	1800.6	0.6	0.033
2000	2000.9	0.9	0.045
2400	2401.1	1.1	0.046

图3 不同温度下金属钨测温误差

Fig.3 Temperature measurement error of tungsten at different temperatures

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