碳氢燃料JP-10高温液态黏度测量和推算模型构建方法研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于流体动力学层流哈根-泊肃叶（Hagen-Poiseuille）定律，利用双毛细管法，对高密度空天动力燃料JP-10液态黏度进行实验测量，测温范围326.6~671.2 K，测量压力2.0、 3.0、 4.0 MPa，扩展相对不确定度2.88%~4.96%（置信因子k=2）。通过纯物质环己烷动力黏度的测量，对实验系统进行了标定，实验结果与NIST数据库平均相对偏差在1.22%以内，最大相对偏差绝对值为2.04%，实验结果与推荐黏度值在2.0 MPa时平均相对偏差为1.25%，4.0 MPa时平均相对偏差为1.61%，最大相对偏差绝对值为3.50%，验证了实验系统的可靠性。选取临界压力状态的黏度值作为参考状态值，通过引用Yaws液相有机化合物的黏度经验公式，结合SRK状态方程对绝对速率理论黏度模型进行了改进，耦合实验数据，建立了一种适用于碳氢燃料的高温高压液相黏度的推算模型。采取共轭梯度法和遗传算法对模型参数进行拟合，计算结果与实验结果的平均相对偏差值在2.00%以内，最大相对偏差绝对值小于4.50%，验证了模型的精确性。

关键词: 碳氢化合物, 双毛细管法, 测量, 黏度预测模型, 绝对速率理论, 状态方程

Abstract:

Based on the laminar Hagen-Poiseuille law of fluid dynamics, the liquid viscosity of high-density hydrocarbon fuel JP-10 was measured by a two-capillary method. The measured temperature range was 326.6—671.2 K and the measured pressure was 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 MPa. The extended relative uncertainties of the measured dynamic viscosities were identified as 2.88%—4.96% (coverage factor k=2). The experimental system was calibrated by measuring the dynamic viscosity of the pure substance cyclohexane. The average relative deviation between the measured results and NIST data was less than 1.22%, the maximum absolute value of relative deviation was 2.04%, and the average relative deviation between the experimental results and the recommended viscosity value is 1.25% at 2.0 MPa, 1.61% at 4.0 MPa. The absolute value of the maximum relative deviation is 3.50%, which verified the reliability of the experimental system. The viscosity value of the critical-pressure state was selected as the reference state value. By referring to the viscosity empirical formula of Yaws liquid phase organic compounds and combining with SRK state equation, the absolute rate theoretical viscosity model was improved. Coupling with the experimental data, a prediction model for the liquid-phase viscosities of hydrocarbon fuels at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions were established. The conjugate gradient method and genetic algorithm were used to fit the model parameters. The average relative deviation between the calculated results and the experimental results was less than 2.00%, and the absolute value of the maximum relative deviation was less than 4.50%, which verified the accuracy of the prediction model.

Key words: hydrocarbons, two-capillary method, measurement, viscosity prediction model, absolute rate theory, equation of state

中图分类号:

TK 124

张家庆, 刘朝晖, 李宇, 宋晨阳. 碳氢燃料JP-10高温液态黏度测量和推算模型构建方法研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(1): 153-161.

Jiaqing ZHANG, Zhaohui LIU, Yu LI, Chenyang SONG. Viscosity measurements and prediction model construction for liquid JP-10 at high-temperature conditions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(1): 153-161.

图/表 13

图1 实验系统示意流程图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system

图2 环己烷黏度测量值及偏差曲线

Fig.2 Measured viscosity and deviation of cyclohexane

表1 环己烷动力黏度标定值与推荐值

Table 1 Calibration experimental values of cyclohexane dynamic viscosity

p=2.0 MPa				p=4.0 MPa
T/K	η_exp/ (μPa·s)	T/K	η_ref/ (μPa·s)	T/K	η_exp/ (μPa·s)	T/K	η_ref/ (μPa·s)
302.0	863.65	290.0	1056.6	302.0	884.37	290.0	1085.5
319.5	646.27	300.0	885.9	319.5	663.26	300.0	909.7
327.6	594.57	310.0	754.2	327.6	610.19	310.0	774.1
335.9	531.99	320.0	650.4	335.5	541.90	320.0	667.5
345.5	471.67	330.0	567.0	345.1	486.65	330.0	581.9
356.1	416.09	340.0	498.7	356.1	427.50	340.0	511.9
368.1	356.53	350.0	441.8	368.2	366.24	350.0	453.7
375.4	336.10	400.0	259.9	375.3	346.24	400.0	268.1
391.8	283.30	500.0	106.34	392.0	291.42	500.0	115.16
396.0	275.59			396.0	284.17
405.1	244.10			405.1	252.00
416.6	219.31			416.9	226.13

表2 主要实验参数的不确定度

Table 2 Uncertainties of the main experimental parameters

参数	标准不确定度
体积流量	0.01 ml/min
压力	0.008 MPa
上游压差	1.346 kPa
下游压差	0.006 kPa
温度	0.38 K
JP-10密度	2.50 kg/m³
T₀温度环己烷黏度	4.32 μPa·s

图3 实验系统扩展合成相对不确定度(k=2)

Fig.3 Distribution of the combined relative standard uncertainty in the dynamic viscosity(k=2)

表3 JP-10动力黏度测量值

Table 3 Viscosity measurement value of JP-10

p=2.0 MPa		p=3.0 MPa		p=4.0 MPa
T/K	η/(μPa·s)	T/K	η/(μPa·s)	T/K	η/(μPa·s)
326.9	1605.43	327.1	1588.19	326.6	1613.19
349.5	1139.05	350.4	1139.05	351.7	1124.82
376.4	808.93	377.6	815.40	376.6	836.88
400.1	644.97	401.4	641.91	402.0	647.21
425.7	516.52	427.1	517.38	427.4	519.82
450.2	433.51	452.0	438.02	452.4	441.02
473.3	377.72	475.4	376.50	476.6	376.06
501.2	306.59	503.8	306.19	504.6	312.49
525.8	266.17	527.4	266.55	527.2	271.98
554.6	218.34	556.5	212.97	557.0	218.35
573.1	189.09	574.7	190.73	575.4	196.10
596.9	165.20	598.9	163.11	599.5	170.53
625.1	126.74	628.7	138.08	629.2	141.91
661.2	120.62	668.3	135.11	665.3	134.56

图4 碳氢燃料JP-10黏度测量值随温度变化曲线

Fig.4 Viscosities of JP-10 with different temperatures at pressures of 2.0—4.0 MPa

图5 实验测量JP-10与NIST数据库参考黏度偏差

Fig.5 Deviations of the measured viscosities from the NIST prediction data for JP-10

图6 各工况压缩因子曲线

Fig.6 Compression factor curves of different working conditions

表4 JP-10的物理参数（挂式四氢双环戊二烯）

Table 4 Physical parameters of JP-10 （hanged tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene）

分子量(M)	临界压力/MPa	临界温度/K	偏心因子( $ω$ )
136.234	3.733	698.00	0.307

表4 JP-10的物理参数（挂式四氢双环戊二烯）

Table 4 Physical parameters of JP-10 （hanged tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene）

分子量(M)	临界压力/MPa	临界温度/K	偏心因子( $ω$ )
136.234	3.733	698.00	0.307

表5 JP-10临界压力黏度值的经验公式拟合参数

Table 5 Empirical equation fitting parameters of JP-10 viscosity at critical pressure

a^#	b^#	c^#	d^#	AAD/%	MAD/%
-0.755	1002.697	0.004	-2.95×10^-6	1.91×10^-3	9.86×10^-3

表6 JP-10液相黏度推算模型拟合参数和计算结果

Table 6 Fitting parameters and calculation results of JP-10 liquid viscosity calculation model

压力/MPa	α	β	γ	Z	AAD/%	MAD/%
2.0	1.746	0.947	-0.688	0.082~0.112	1.94	3.09
3.0	2.347	-0.414	0.171	0.128~0.169	1.96	4.10
4.0	2.779	-1.189	0.618	0.168~0.225	1.86	3.24

图7 黏度推算模型与实验结果偏差分布

Fig.7 Deviation distribution of viscosity calculation model and experimental data

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