穿孔与热辐射耦合作用下固定拱顶钢储罐的失效机理

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201604

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得大型钢制储罐在碎片冲击和池火热辐射耦合作用下的失效机理，采用Abaqus建立了高速碎片穿孔和热辐射耦合作用下固定拱顶钢储罐失效分析的有限元模型，分析了储罐在高速碎片冲击作用下的动力响应和穿孔储罐在热辐射作用下的热屈曲响应，研究了储罐壁面的应力变化过程。结果表明，在热辐射单一作用下，储罐由罐壁-罐顶连接处开始发生热屈曲，并出现褶皱变形；在高速碎片冲击与热辐射耦合作用下，高速碎片冲击导致储罐产生穿孔，储罐从穿孔两侧开始发生热屈曲，而且，穿孔导致塑性变形区及其附近区域产生应力集中，与未受冲击的储罐相比，穿孔储罐的罐壁处于更高的应力水平，更容易发生失稳。因此，穿孔储罐的抗火性能降低，热屈曲模式也发生改变。

关键词: 固定拱顶钢储罐, 碎片冲击, 热辐射, 失效机理, 瞬态响应, 安全, 数值模拟

Abstract:

To study the failure mechanism of a large fixed-roof Q345 steel tank under coupling effects of the fragment impact and pool-fire heat radiation, finite element models of thermal and dynamic response analysis under coupling effects of the high-velocity fragment perforation and heat radiation of a burning tank was established by Abaqus. The dynamic behaviors of a fixed-roof tank subjected to high-velocity fragment perforation were investigated. And the effect of the heat radiation on the thermal buckling behaviors of a perforated tank was analyzed. Moreover, the stress distribution and variation on the cylindrical shell was studied. The results indicated that the thermal buckling of the tank begun from the connection of the cylindrical shell and dome under the single effect of the heat radiation. And the cylindrical shell wrinkled along the circumferential direction with the temperature increasing at the post-buckling state. The reason was that circumferential and meridional stresses alternated between tension and compression to maintain the balance. The tank was perforated, and the thermal buckling of the perforated tank started from both sides of the perforation under coupling effects of the perforation and heat radiation. Moreover, perforation led to stress concentration in the plastic deformation zone and its vicinity. Compared with the unimpacted storage tank, the wall of the perforated storage tank was at a higher stress level and was more prone to instability. Therefore, the fire resistance of the perforated storage tank reduced, and the thermal buckling mode also changed.

Key words: fixed-roof steel tank, fragment impact, heat radiation, failure mechanism, transient response, safety, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

X 93

李云浩, 蒋军成, 喻源, 王志荣, 张庆武. 穿孔与热辐射耦合作用下固定拱顶钢储罐的失效机理[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(8): 4433-4443.

Yunhao LI, Juncheng JIANG, Yuan YU, Zhirong WANG, Qingwu ZHANG. Coupling effects of perforation and heat radiation on failure mechanism of fixed-roof steel tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(8): 4433-4443.

图/表 16

图1 目标储罐示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of the target tank

表1 5000 m3储罐的结构尺寸

Table 1 Structural dimensions of the 5000 m3 storage tank

钢板参数	底板	第一层	第二层	第三层	第四层	第五层	第六层	第七至九层	第十层	顶盖
钢板厚度/mm	10	13	12	11	10	9	7	6	6	5
钢板高度/m	—	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.8	—

表2 Q345钢的Johnson-Cook材料模型参数

Table 2 Johnson-Cook plasticity model parameters of the Q345 steel

A/MPa	B/MPa	C	n	m	T_melt/℃	T_trans/℃
374	795	0.01586	0.45451	0.88559	1500	20

表3 Q345钢的Johnson-Cook损伤失效准则参数

Table 3 Johnson-Cook damage model parameters of the Q345 steel

d₁	d₂	d₃	d₄	d₅	T_melt/℃	T_trans/℃	$ε ˙$
0.123	0.236	2.43	0.058	0	1500	20	1

表3 Q345钢的Johnson-Cook损伤失效准则参数

Table 3 Johnson-Cook damage model parameters of the Q345 steel

d₁	d₂	d₃	d₄	d₅	T_melt/℃	T_trans/℃	$ε ˙$
0.123	0.236	2.43	0.058	0	1500	20	1

图2 热辐射分析的有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model for the heat transfer analysis

图3 Q345钢的热膨胀系数、弹性模量和应力-应变曲线

Fig.3 Thermal expansion coefficients, elastic modules, and stress-strain curves of a Q345 steel for different temperatures

图4 目标储罐的网格划分

Fig.4 Meshes of the target tank

图5 热辐射作用下目标储罐的温度分布

Fig. 5 Temperature distributions of the target tank under the effect of heat radiation

图6 热屈曲区域节点径向变形量随最高温度的变化情况

Fig.6 Maximum temperature vs. radial displacement for the node at the buckling region

图7 热辐射作用下目标储罐的变形

Fig. 7 Deformation shapes of the target tank under the effect of heat radiation

图8 屈曲和后屈曲状态下目标储罐环向（z=14 m，0°≤θ≤90°）的径向变形量和环向、经向应力分布

Fig. 8 Radial displacement, circumferential and meridional stresses around the circumference of the target tank (z=14 m, 0°≤θ≤90°) at buckling and post-buckling states

图9 高速碎片的穿孔过程

Fig.9 Perforation process of the high-velocity fragment

图10 热辐射作用下穿孔目标储罐的温度分布

Fig. 10 Temperature distributions of the perforated target tank under the effect of heat radiation

图11 热屈曲区域节点径向变形量随最高温度的变化情况

Fig. 11 Maximum temperature vs. radial displacement for the node at the buckling region

图12 热辐射作用下穿孔目标储罐的变形

Fig.12 Deformation shapes of the perforated target tank under the effect of heat radiation

图13 屈曲和后屈曲状态下穿孔目标储罐环向（z=14 m，0°≤θ≤90°）的径向变形量和环向、径向应力分布

Fig. 13 Radial displacement, circumferential and meridional stresses around the circumference of the perforated target tank (z=14 m, 0°≤θ≤90°) at buckling and post-buckling states

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