基于红外测温的文物冷冻干燥监测技术

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191180

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了给大型、大批量文物的冷冻干燥保驾护航，以饱水木质文物为样品，结合红外温度传感器和红外热像仪，对文物的冷冻过程进行温度监控。结果表明，红外温度传感器对样品表面温度变化十分灵敏，能有效跟踪温度的动态变化过程，但测量准确性会受样品发射率、环境波动等因素的影响。红外热像仪经发射率标定后可达到较高的测量精度，利用热成像得到的图像，可直观地筛查样品表面的最高/最低温度区。经过分析，样品在靠近仓内换热器端的位置，表面温度较低，靠近仓门的位置，表面温度较高，且样品上表面温度略低于侧面温度。根据红外测温结果，预期能给出冷冻干燥设备控制的建议，降低文物冻干失败的风险，减轻文保工作者的工作负担。

关键词: 红外, 温度分布, 成像, 测量, 文物, 冷冻干燥

Abstract:

Many saturated cultural relics unearthed in the south need dehydration. The application of freeze-drying technology can effectively eliminate the cracking caused by the surface tension of liquid water. The material temperature is a process parameter that needs to be strictly controlled during the freeze-drying process. Due to the indivisible and irregular shape of cultural relics, the temperature in the different area of cultural relics is not uniform, resulting in inconsistent freeze-drying progress. In order to guarantee the success of the freeze-drying process of large-scale and multitudinous cultural relics, saturated woody cultural relic is taken as sample, infrared temperature sensor and thermal imager are combined together to monitor temperature of the freezing process of cultural relics. The results show that the infrared temperature sensor is very sensitive to the change of surface temperature of the sample, and can effectively track the dynamic process of temperature, but the accuracy of temperature measurement will be affected by the change of sample emissivity and environmental fluctuation. The infrared camera can achieve high measurement accuracy by calibrating the emissivity, and the temperature distribution map can be used to screen the highest/lowest temperature region on the entire surface of the sample. After the analysis of the temperature data, the surface temperature is low when the sample is close to the heat exchanger end of the chamber, and the surface temperature is high near the position of the door, besides, the upper surface temperature of the sample is slightly lower than the side temperature of the sample. The infrared temperature measurements are anticipated to give hints for the control of freeze-drying equipment, thus to reduce the risk of freezing drying failure, and relieve the workload of cultural relics protection staffs.

Key words: infrared, temperature distribution, imaging, measurement, cultural relics, freeze drying

中图分类号:

TK 39

张绍志, 李扬, 徐以洋, 郑幼明, 栾天, 卢衡. 基于红外测温的文物冷冻干燥监测技术[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 245-251.

Shaozhi ZHANG, Yang LI, Yiyang XU, Youming ZHENG, Tian LUAN, Heng LU. Freeze-drying monitoring technology of cultural relics based on infrared temperature measurement[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 245-251.

图/表 7

图1 冷冻干燥实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of freeze-drying experimental device

图2 实验装置现场实物图

Fig.2 Photograph of experimental setup

图3 红外温度传感器及其保护罩

Fig.3 Infrared temperature sensor and protective cover

图4 温度信号采集与转换模块示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of temperature signal acquisition and conversion module

图5 冷冻过程中样品各测温点的温度变化

Fig.5 Temperature change of each temperature measurement point of sample during freezing process

图6 冷冻过程中样品上表面和侧面的温度对比

Fig.6 Temperature comparison of upper surface and side of sample during freezing process

图7 红外热像仪拍摄得到的样品冷冻过程中的热图

Fig.7 Heat map during freezing process of sample taken by infrared camera

参考文献 20

1	徐成海, 邹惠芬. 真空冷冻干燥技术的现状及发展趋势[J]. 真空与低温, 2000, (2): 71-74.
	Xu C H, Zou H F. Current status and development trend of vacuum freeze drying technology[J]. Vacuum and Cryogenics, 2000, (2): 71-74.
2	房星星, 吕晓东. 真空冷冻干燥技术的应用研究[J]. 食品与药品, 2007, 9(8): 57-60.
	Fang X X, Lyu X D. Application research of vacuum freeze-drying technology[J]. Food and Medicine, 2007, 9(8): 57-60.
3	吴东波, 张绍志, 陈光明. 饱水木质文物的冷冻干燥保存研究进展[C]//第九届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会. 2008.
	Wu D B, Zhang S Z, Chen G M. Development in conservation of waterlogged archaeological wooden artifacts by freeze-drying[C]// The 9th National Freeze-drying Academic Exchange. 2008.
4	张绍志, 房园园, 虞效益, 等. 木质文物真空冷冻干燥的实验研究[J]. 真空, 2011, 48(1): 75-77.
	Zhang S Z, Fang Y Y, Yu X Y, et al. Experimental study on vacuum freeze-drying process for archaeological wooden artifacts[J]. Vacuum, 2011, 48(1): 75-77.
5	丁正斌, 周永安. 冷冻干燥工艺探讨[J]. 冷藏技术, 1996, (1): 35-39.
	Ding Z B, Zhou Y A. Discussion on freeze-drying process[J]. Refrigeration Technology, 1996, (1): 35-39.
6	周永安, 张奕. 温度智能仪在真空冷冻干燥机中的应用[J]. 真空电子技术, 1997, (5): 32-34.
	Zhou Y A, Zhang Y. Application of the temperature intelligent instrument in vacuum freeze drying plants[J]. Vacuum Electronics, 1997, (5): 32-34.
7	吕开斌, 周健, 刘云秀. 真空冷冻干燥的检测与控制探讨[J]. 四川食品与发酵, 2005, (4): 58-60.
	Lyu K B, Zhou J, Liu Y X. Exploration into examining and controlling of freeze-drying in vacuum[J]. Sichuan Food and Fermentation, 2005, (4): 58-60.
8	李敏, 蒋小强, 叶彪. 罗非鱼真空冷冻干燥过程及其升华干燥能耗的实验研究[C]//中国制冷学会学术年会. 2007.
	Li M, Jiang X Q, Ye B. Study on the freeze-dried energy consumption of tilapia vacuum freeze-drying[C]//Chinese Refrigeration Society Academic Annual Conference. 2007.
9	陈大林, 任祖平. 基于单片机的真空冷冻干燥试验仪温度控制器设计[J]. 可编程控制器与工厂自动化, 2007, (11): 79-81.
	Chen D L, Ren Z P. Design of temperature controller for the tester of vacuum freeze-drying technique based on single-chip microcomputer[J]. Programmable Controller & Factory Automation, 2007, (11): 79-81.
10	杨健. 探讨冻干机温度均匀性验证方法[J]. 科技资讯, 2014, 12(21): 89-90.
	Yang J. Discussion on verification method of temperature uniformity of freeze dryer[J]. Science & Technology Information, 2014, 12(21): 89-90.
11	邹同华, 孙颖, 苏树强, 等. 真空冷冻干燥过程中升华界面温度的动压测量技术[J]. 农业机械学报, 2008, 39(1): 198-201.
	Zou T H, Sun Y, Su S Q, et al. Dynamic pressure measurement technology for sublimation interface temperature in vacuum freeze-drying process[J]. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2008, 39(1): 198-201.
12	Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhao J, et al. Recent advances in emerging imaging techniques for non-destructive detection of food quality and safety[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2013, 52: 261-274.
13	Lietta E, Colucci D, Distefano G, et al. On the use of infrared thermography for monitoring a vial freeze-drying process[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 108: 391-398.
14	Gonçalves B J, Lago A M T, Machado A A, et al. Infrared (IR) thermography applied in the freeze-drying of gelatin model solutions added with ethanol and carrier agents[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2018, 221: 77-87.
15	Emteborg H, Zeleny R, Charoud-Got J, et al. Infrared thermography for monitoring of freeze-drying processes: instrumental developments and preliminary results[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014, 103(7): 2088-2097.
16	李晶. 温度传感器在真空冻干设备中的应用与研究[J]. 低温与特气, 2009, 27(3): 42-45.
	Li J. Temperature sensor supply of vacuum freeze-drying equipment[J]. Cryogenics and Specialty Gases, 2009, 27(3): 42-45.
17	Vadivambal R, Jayas D S, Chelladurai V, et al. Temperature distribution studies in microwave-heated grains using a thermal camera (RRV-07100[C]// ASABE Annual Meeting. North Dakota, 2007.
18	Gan-Mor S, Regev R, Levi A, et al. Adapted thermal imaging for the development of postharvest precision steam-disinfection technology for carrots[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011, 59(3): 265-271.
19	Goncalves B J, Giarola T M O, Pereira D F, et al. Using infrared thermography to evaluate the injuries of cold-stored guava[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2016, 53(2): 1063-1070.
20	Sylvester B, Porfire A, van Bockstal P J, et al. Formulation optimization of freeze-dried long-circulating liposomes and in-line monitoring of the freeze-drying process using an NIR spectroscopy tool[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 107: 139-148.

[1]	金伟其, 吴月荣, 王霞, 李力, 裘溯, 袁盼, 王铭赫. 化工园区工业气体泄漏气云红外成像检测技术与国产化装备进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 32-44.
[2]	闫琳琦, 王振雷. 基于STA-BiLSTM-LightGBM组合模型的多步预测软测量建模[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3407-3418.
[3]	仪显亨, 周骛, 蔡小舒, 蔡天意. 光纤后向动态光散射测量纳米颗粒的浓度适用范围研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3320-3328.
[4]	邵伟明, 韩文学, 宋伟, 杨勇, 陈灿, 赵东亚. 基于分布式贝叶斯隐马尔可夫回归的动态软测量建模方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2495-2502.
[5]	王辰, 史秀锋, 武鲜凤, 魏方佳, 张昊虹, 车寅, 吴旭. 氧化还原法制备Mn₃O₄催化剂及其甲苯催化氧化性能与机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2447-2457.
[6]	陈俊先, 姬忠礼, 赵瑜, 张倩, 周岩, 刘猛, 刘震. 基于微波技术的天然气管道内颗粒物在线检测方法研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1042-1053.
[7]	王永倩, 王平, 程康, 毛晨林, 刘文锋, 尹智成, Ferrante Antonio. 氨气/甲烷贫预混旋转湍流火焰稳定性及NO生成[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4087-4094.
[8]	孙敏, 贾辉, 秦卿雯, 王琦, 郭子楠, 罗艳茹, 王捷. 电阻抗成像原位在线监测超滤膜污染行为研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1754-1762.
[9]	刘碧强, 曹海山. 基于流量校准的吸附测量方法及误差分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1597-1605.
[10]	兰文杰, 胡晓洁, 蔡迪宗. 界面探针法测量液滴与固体壁面间相互作用力[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1119-1126.
[11]	罗顺桦, 王振雷, 王昕. 基于二子空间协同训练算法的半监督软测量建模[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1270-1279.
[12]	孙裕坤, 杨焘, 吴江涛. R32+R1234yf+R1234ze（E）混合制冷剂气液相平衡实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1063-1071.
[13]	邬云飞, 栾小丽, 刘飞. 基于迁移学习的2，6-二甲酚纯度近红外光谱在线检测[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 782-791.
[14]	张舒蕾, 李冰杰, 蒋健, 董新宇, 刘璐. 凸面恒温基底上固着液滴蒸发特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5537-5546.
[15]	黄笑乐, 杨甫, 韩磊, 宁星, 李瑞宇, 董凌霄, 曹虎生, 邓磊, 车得福. 富油煤（长焰煤）孔隙结构三维表征及渗流模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(11): 5078-5087.