单通道陶瓷膜管低压透水性能实验分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

无机陶瓷膜作为多孔介质具有分离效率高、耐酸、耐碱等优点，被视为在海水淡化、废水处理、气体分离等领域的研究热点。采用Al₂O₃管式单通道陶瓷膜材料构建膜组件，以燃煤电厂自来水、烟气冷凝水、脱硫废水三种不同水质为例，开展低跨膜压差下的膜组件透水性能实验，研究了膜参数、跨膜压差及水体温度等因素对渗透通量、渗透水质的影响，并对引发膜污染的机理过程进行了探讨分析。实验结果表明：陶瓷膜管的结构参数是关键因素，如孔隙率、孔径及厚度等；低跨膜压差下的渗透通量随压力增大呈线性提高，并未发现浓差极化现象，水体温度变化通过改变黏度进而影响渗透通量，同时水质较差时会导致渗透通量降低；陶瓷膜管的孔径是影响渗透水质的核心要素，微滤与纳滤膜对改善悬浮物含量、浊度及色度效果明显，不同孔径对盐度、电导率影响不同；从SEM图可以看出，污染物在膜表面或膜内部发生的沉积、架桥等现象导致严重的膜污染。充分认识影响陶瓷膜管渗透特性的关键因素及污染物的作用机理，对提高无机陶瓷膜的应用前景具有重要意义。

关键词: 多孔介质, 陶瓷膜管, 渗透特性, 水质, 膜污染

Abstract:

As a porous medium, inorganic ceramic membrane has the advantages of high separation efficiency, acid resistance and alkali resistance. It is regarded as a research hotspot in the fields of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment and gas separation. In this paper, Al₂O₃ tubular single channel ceramic membrane material is used to construct membrane module. Taking tap water, flue gas condensate and desulfurization wastewater of coal-fired power plant as examples, the permeability experiment of membrane module under low transmembrane pressure difference is carried out. The influence of membrane structure parameters, transmembrane pressure difference and water temperature on permeate flux and permeate water quality is studied, and the mechanism process of membrane pollution is also discussed and analyzed. The experimental results show that the structural parameters of the ceramic membrane tube are the key factors, the permeability flux increases linearly with the increase of pressure under the low transmembrane pressure difference, and the concentration polarization phenomenon is not found. The change of water temperature affects the permeability flux by changing the viscosity, and the permeability flux decreases when the water quality is poor, the pore diameter of the ceramic membrane tube affects the permeability flux. As the core element of permeable water quality, microfiltration and nanofiltration membrane have obvious effect on improving the content, turbidity and chroma of suspended solids, but have little effect on the salinity and conductivity. From SEM, it can be seen that the deposition and bridging of pollutants on the surface or inside of membrane will lead to serious membrane pollution. It is of great significance to fully understand the key factors affecting the permeability of ceramic membrane tubes and the mechanism of pollutants, so as to improve the technical level of membrane separation.

Key words: porous medium, ceramic membrane tube, permeability characteristics, water quality, membrane fouling

中图分类号:

TB 321

滕达, 李铁林, 李昂, 安连锁, 沈国清, 张世平. 单通道陶瓷膜管低压透水性能实验分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 261-271.

Da TENG, Tielin LI, Ang LI, Liansuo AN, Guoqing SHEN, Shiping ZHANG. Experimental analysis of low pressure water permeability of single channel ceramic membrane tube[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 261-271.

图/表 15

图1 实验系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental system

图2 错流过滤方式

Fig.2 Cross flow filtration mode

表1 实验水质参数

Table 1 Experimental water quality parameters

Item	Unit	Tap-water(TW)	Flue gas condensation water(FGCW)	Desulfurization wastewater(DW)
SS	mg·L^-1	0	0~10	13487~112284
$N O 3 -$	mg·L^-1	0	19	731~803
Ca²⁺	mg·L^-1	30	201	1447~1879
Mg²⁺	mg·L^-1	20	410	3385~3714
Na⁺	mg·L^-1	45	923	7624~9686
Cl^-	mg·L^-1	60	1689	16151~17339
pH		7	6.8~6.85	6.75~6.80
$S O 4 2 -$	mg·L^-1	180	800	8245~8515
COD	mg·L^-1	1	32	423~444

表1 实验水质参数

Table 1 Experimental water quality parameters

Item	Unit	Tap-water(TW)	Flue gas condensation water(FGCW)	Desulfurization wastewater(DW)
SS	mg·L^-1	0	0~10	13487~112284
$N O 3 -$	mg·L^-1	0	19	731~803
Ca²⁺	mg·L^-1	30	201	1447~1879
Mg²⁺	mg·L^-1	20	410	3385~3714
Na⁺	mg·L^-1	45	923	7624~9686
Cl^-	mg·L^-1	60	1689	16151~17339
pH		7	6.8~6.85	6.75~6.80
$S O 4 2 -$	mg·L^-1	180	800	8245~8515
COD	mg·L^-1	1	32	423~444

图3 流体温度对渗透通量、渗透系数的影响(1 mD=0.987×10-3 μm2)

Fig.3 Influence of fluid temperature on permeability flux and permeability coefficient

图4 黏度随温度的变化

Fig.4 Viscosity change with temperature

图5 跨膜压差对渗透通量、渗透系数的影响

Fig.5 Influence of differential pressure on permeability flux and permeability coefficient

图6 水质对渗透通量的影响

Fig.6 Influence of water quality on permeate flux

图7 陶瓷膜污染前后渗透通量的变化

Fig.7 Change of permeate flux before and after ceramic membrane pollution

图8 1 μm陶瓷膜管污染特性分析

Fig.8 Analysis of pollution characteristics of 1 μm ceramic membrane tube

图9 1 μm陶瓷膜管断面SEM图

Fig.9 SEM images of 1 μm ceramic membrane pipe section

图10 1 μm陶瓷膜管污染后的EDS质谱图

Fig.10 EDS mass spectrum of 1 μm ceramic membrane tube polluted

图11 1 μm陶瓷膜管表面SEM图

Fig.11 SEM images of surface of 1 μm ceramic membrane tube

图12 电导率、盐度的变化情况

Fig.12 Change of conductivity and salinity

图13 悬浮物、浊度及色度的变化情况

Fig.13 Changes of suspended matter turbidity and chromaticity

图14 50 nm陶瓷膜管过滤前后水样

Fig.14 Water sample before and after 50 nm ceramic membrane tube filtration

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