电极超滤膜生物反应器处理阴离子表面活性剂废水

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220862

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化妆品生产过程中产生大量的阴离子表面活性剂废水，具有有机物浓度高和易产生泡沫的特点，影响普通超滤膜生物反应器（UMBR）的处理效果和稳定运行。采用自制的电极超滤膜生物反应器（EMBR）处理阴离子表面活性剂废水，考察电流强度对EMBR污染物处理效果和活性污泥性质的影响，探索膜污染的机理。结果表明：与UMBR相比，在电场能的作用下，EMBR滤饼层的有机物含量较低，跨膜压差（TMP）降低50%左右，膜污染较轻。当电流强度为10 mA时，COD去除率和微生物活性最高，分别为97.92%和41.6 mg/（g TSS·h）；滤饼层有机物含量最低，PN、PS和HA的浓度分别为5.6、8.02、0.85 mg/L。较低的电流强度即可促进微生物活性和污染物去除率的提高，有效控制膜污染。

关键词: 废水, 反应器, 电极超滤膜, 膜污染, 活性污泥, 表面活性剂

Abstract:

A large amount of anionic surfactant wastewater is produced in the process of cosmetics production. It has the characteristics of high organic concentration and easy to produce foam, which influence the treatment efficiency and stable operation of ordinary ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (UMBR). In this study, a self-made electrode ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (EMBR) was used to treat anionic surfactant wastewater. The effects of current intensity on the treatment efficiency of the pollutants and activated sludge properties were investigated, and the mechanism of membrane pollution was studied. The results showed that compared with the UMBR, under the action of electric field energy, the organic matter content in the filter cake layer of EMBR is lower, the transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) is reduced by about 50%, and the membrane fouling is less. When the current intensity was 10 mA, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and microbial activity were the highest, and were 97.92% and 41.6 mg/(g TSS·h), respectively. The organic content in the cake layer was the lowest and protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS) and humic acids (HA) were 5.6 mg/L, 8.02 mg/L and 0.85 mg/L, respectively. A relative low current intensity can promote the improvement of microbial activity and pollutant removal rate, and effectively control membrane pollution.

Key words: wastewater, reactor, electrode ultrafiltration membrane, membrane pollution, activated sludge, surfactant

中图分类号:

张兰河, 汪露, 李梓萌, 唐宏, 郭静波, 贾艳萍, 张明爽. 电极超滤膜生物反应器处理阴离子表面活性剂废水[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4679-4691.

Lanhe ZHANG, Lu WANG, Zimeng LI, Hong TANG, Jingbo GUO, Yanping JIA, Mingshuang ZHANG. The treatment of anionic surfactant wastewater using electrode ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4679-4691.

图/表 12

图1 实验装置图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup

图2 EMBR和UMBR的TMP变化

Fig.2 TMP changes of EMBR and UMBR

图3 EMBR和UMBR的污染物去除率

Fig.3 Removal efficiencies of the pollutants in the EMBR and UMBR

表1 活性污泥EPS中PN、PS的含量变化

Table 1 Content change of PN and PS in the EPS of activated sludge

运行阶段	反应器	PN/(mg/L)			PS/(mg/L)			EPS/(mg/L)
运行阶段	反应器	SMP	LB	TB	SMP	LB	TB	SMP	LB	TB	总量
S1	EMBR	4.61	3.82	5.60	7.07	4.76	3.49	11.68	8.58	9.09	29.35
S1	UMBR	4.61	4.22	5.40	8.33	2.55	5.70	12.94	6.76	11.10	30.80
S2	EMBR	5.60	5.20	8.17	9.07	5.60	7.70	14.67	10.80	15.87	41.34
S2	UMBR	4.02	5.01	5.99	4.97	7.70	7.91	8.99	12.71	13.91	35.61
S3	EMBR	5.20	4.81	5.40	19.38	12.43	11.38	24.58	17.24	16.78	58.60
S3	UMBR	3.82	4.61	6.19	3.28	3.18	8.86	7.10	7.79	15.05	29.94

图4 EMBR和UMBR的3D-EEM光谱

Fig.4 3D-EEM spectra of EMBR and UMBR

图5 活性污泥的红外光谱

Fig.5 Fourier transform infrared spectra of activated sludge

图6 混合液的活性污泥和滤饼层污泥的性质

Fig.6 The properties of activated sludge in the mixed liquid and the sludge in the cake layer

图7 滤饼层中有机物浓度

Fig.7 Organic concentration in cake layer

图8 滤饼层元素分布

Fig.8 Element distribution of cake layer

表2 活性污泥的接触角和Zeta电位变化

Table 2 The change of contact angle and Zeta potential of activated sludge

运行阶段	反应器	Zeta电位/mV	接触角/(°)
运行阶段	反应器	Zeta电位/mV	纯水	甘油	二碘甲烷
S1阶段	EMBR	-39.48	70.06	87.81	37.83
S1阶段	UMBR	-42.22	79.10	92.62	38.40
S2阶段	EMBR	-35.28	72.54	89.97	40.31
S2阶段	UMBR	-38.32	80.11	91.91	41.11
S3阶段	EMBR	-35.51	83.91	95.65	38.88
S3阶段	UMBR	-36.03	85.04	94.77	39.60
PVDF膜	未污染膜	-34.18	61.77	52.84	46.29

图9 膜-污泥絮体的分离距离和特定相互作用能的函数曲线（污泥絮体尺寸为3 μm、pH 7.0、温度293.15 K）

Fig.9 Function curve of separation distance and specific interaction energy between membrane and sludge flocs (sludge flocs size of 3 μm, pH 7.0 and temperature 293.15 K)

图10 膜-污泥絮体的分离距离和特定相互作用能对比

Fig.10 Comparison of separation distance and specific interaction energy between membrane and sludge flocs

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