利用κ-Köhler理论研究大气气溶胶的吸湿特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20181222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用κ-K?hler理论对西安、北京两地大气气溶胶体系的吸湿特性进行研究。选取多种代表性无机物（硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氯盐）及有机物（烯烃、芳香烃、羧酸）建立气溶胶体系模型，使研究体系更接近于真实大气成分。结果表明，在空气质量由清洁状态向雾霾发生状态转变的过程中，两种体系中均呈现有机物含量逐渐减少而(NH₄)₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃含量逐渐增多的趋势，这种变化趋势总是促使气溶胶体系整体吸湿能力增强，因此更易吸湿增长形成雾霾。对体系中不同组分对吸湿性的影响进行了定量预测，理论预测的变动趋势与实际观测的变动趋势相同，揭示了雾霾形成过程中各组分的变动趋势及影响程度，为针对性解决雾霾问题提供思路。

关键词: 环境, 污染, 气溶胶, 吸湿性, κ-K?hler理论

Abstract:

The κ-K?hler theory was used to study the hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosol systems in Xi an and Beijing. The aerosol model was established by choosing several typical inorganic (sulfate, nitrate, chloride) and organic components (cycloene, aromatic hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid) to mimic to the real complex atmospheric composition. The results show that, when air quality changes from clean state to polluted state, the content of organic components gradually decreases whereas the concentration of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃ gradually increases in both systems. This trend always promotes the overall hygroscopicity of the aerosol systems, which in turn enhances the adsorption of moisture and thus the formation of haze. The influence of different components on the hygroscopicity of the whole system was also quantitatively predicted. The trend of variation was revealed by the theory and the theoretical prediction was in a good agreement with that observed in practice.

Key words: environment, pollution, aerosol, hygroscopicity, κ-K?hler theory

中图分类号:

X 513

王昱焜, 张现仁, 曹达鹏. 利用κ-Köhler理论研究大气气溶胶的吸湿特性[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(7): 2691-2698.

Yukun WANG, Xianren ZHANG, Dapeng CAO. Study on hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosols using κ-Köhler theory[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(7): 2691-2698.

图/表 11

图1 两种无机物体系的吸湿增长曲线

Fig.1 Hygroscopic growth curves of two inorganic systems

图2 两种有机物体系的吸湿增长曲线

Fig.2 Hygroscopic growth curve of two organic systems

图3 质量比为1∶1的(NH4)2SO4 -蒎酮酸体系的吸湿增长曲线

Fig.3 Hygroscopic growth curve of (NH4)2SO4-pinonic acid system with mass ratio of 1∶1

图4 西安、北京大气气溶胶质量分数组成

Fig.4 Mass fraction of atmospheric aerosol system in Xi’an (a) and Beijing (b)

表1 有机物吸湿因子κorg的计算

Table 1 Calculation of κorg of organic compounds

有机物	密度/(g/cm³)	质量分数	体积分数	κ_i	κ_org
环戊烯	0.77	0.47	0.61	0.12	0.156
甲苯	0.87	0.30	0.35	0.10^①
丙二酸	1.62	0.23	0.14	0.34

表2 北京地区清洁期气溶胶总吸湿因子κall的计算

Table 2 Calculation of κall of aerosol during clean period in Beijing

物质	密度/(g/cm³)	质量分数	体积分数	κ_i	κ_all
(NH₄)₂SO₄	1.77	0.171	0.160	0.60	0.388
NH₄NO₃	1.72	0.247	0.239	0.57
NH₄Cl	1.53	0.034	0.037	1.20
有机物	0.91	0.548	0.564	0.156

图5 西安、北京两地大气气溶胶体系吸湿因子κ随时间的变化趋势

Fig.5 Variation of hygroscopicity factor κ of aerosol systems in Xi’an and Beijing

图6 西安、北京两地气溶胶体系内各组分体积分数随时间的变化趋势

Fig.6 Variation of volume fraction of different components in aerosol systems in Xi’an and Beijing

图7 吸湿因子κall与(NH4)2SO4及有机物

Fig.7 Relationship between κall and mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 and organic component

图8 吸湿因子κall与NH4NO3及有机物质量分数之间的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between κall and mass fraction of NH4NO3 and organic component

图9 吸湿因子κall与(NH4)2SO4及NH4NO3质量分数之间的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between κall and mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3

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