氰化渣典型矿物对氰的吸附

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190139

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氰化提金过程中产生大量的氰化渣，被视为是危险固体废物。氰化渣主要由黄铁矿、石英和硅酸盐等矿物组成。本实验采取静态吸附法，模拟了氰化渣中几种典型矿物及其复合矿物对氰的吸附。研究表明:矿物对氰的吸附呈线性特征，但吸附能力各不相同, 各矿物对氰的吸附量大小顺序是q_黄铁矿>q_{模拟氰化渣}>q_硅酸盐矿>q_石英；石英对氰几乎不产生吸附，黄铁矿、硅酸盐矿物混合物和模拟氰化渣对氰的饱和吸附量分别约为13.89、1.09和6.89 mg/g。开发了一种数学模型用来评估石英、硅酸盐矿物混合物和黄铁矿含量对氰化渣吸附氰总量的影响。红外分析表明，CN^-吸附在矿物表面，改变了氧化产物，生成了新的物质，促进了矿物对CN^-的吸附。

关键词: 氰离子, 吸附, 氰化渣, 吸附量, 矿物

Abstract:

A large amount of cyanide slag is produced during the cyanidation and gold extraction process and is considered as a hazardous solid waste. Cyanide slag was mainly consisted of pyrite, quartz and silicate. The static adsorption method was applied to simulate the cyanide ion adsorption on several typical minerals and their complex minerals of cyanide tailing in this study. Results showed that the adsorption of CN^- by minerals is linear, but the adsorption capacity is different, and the adsorption amount of CN^- on unit mass could be classified as follows: pyrite > synthetic cyanide tailing>silicate mixture > quartz. Quartz had hardly any adsorption of CN^-. The CN^- adsorption capacity of silicate mixture, pyrite and synthetic cyanide slag were about 1.09, 13.89 and 6.89 mg/g, respectively. A mathematical model was developed to estimate the effects of quartz, silicate and pyrite on the CN^- adsorption capacity of cyanide tailing. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that a significant CN^- adsorption peak appeared for silicate, pyrite and cyanide slag, and oxidation products of pyrite changed significantly after the adsorption of CN^-.

Key words: cyanide ion, adsorption, cyanide slag, adsorption capacity, minerals

中图分类号:

TF 09

涂玉波, 韩培伟, 魏连启, 仉小猛, 杜英超, 王永良, 叶树峰. 氰化渣典型矿物对氰的吸附[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(7): 2684-2690.

Yubo TU, Peiwei HAN, Lianqi WEI, Xiaomeng ZHANG, Yingchao DU, Yongliang WANG, Shufeng YE. Adsorption of cyanide by typical minerals of cyanide slag[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(7): 2684-2690.

图/表 14

图1 氰化渣XRD谱图

Fig.1 X-ray diffraction pattern of cyanide tailing

表1 矿物化学成分（一）

Table 1 Chemical component of minerals（1）/%(mass)

Mineral	S	Fe	As	SiO₂
pyrite	49.83	45.62	0.02	1.67

表2 矿物化学成分（二）

Table 2 Chemical component of minerals（2）/%(mass)

Mineral	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	K₂O	CaO	Na₂O
quartz	97.45	0.92	0.61	0.06	0.02	0.05	0.03
muscovite	43.89	35.42	6.78	2.35	8.07	1.47	0.66
feldspar	66.31	18.02	1.15	0.43	10.84	1.02	2.05
montmorillonite	71.88	13.82	1.08	3.43	0.63	4.57	1.25

图2 吸附平衡曲线

Fig.2 Adsorption equilibrium curve

图3 矿物对氰的吸附曲线

Fig.3 Adsorption curve of minerals on cyanide

图4 Freundlich吸附等温线

Fig.4 Freundlich adsorption isotherm

图5 Langmuir吸附等温线

Fig.5 Langmuir adsorption isotherm

表3 不同矿物对氰的吸附特征

Table 3 Adsorption characteristics of different minerals for CN-

Mineral	Freundlich adsorption equation				Langmuir adsorption equation
Mineral	$q = k F C 1 / n$	k_F	1/n	R²	$q = q m k L C 1 + k L C$	q_m	k_L	R²
pyrite	$q = 0.0218 C 0.8863$	0.0218	0.8863	0.952	$q = 0.01528 C 1 + 0.0011 C$	13.89	0.0011	0.996
silicate mixture	$q = 0.0527 C 0.4702$	0.0527	0.4702	0.851	$q = 0.01538 C 1 + 0.0141 C$	1.09	0.0141	0.999
synthetic cyanide tailing	$q = 0.0507 C 0.605$	0.0507	0.605	0.964	$q = 0.01033 C 1 + 0.0015 C$	6.89	0.0015	0.995

表3 不同矿物对氰的吸附特征

Table 3 Adsorption characteristics of different minerals for CN-

Mineral	Freundlich adsorption equation				Langmuir adsorption equation
Mineral	$q = k F C 1 / n$	k_F	1/n	R²	$q = q m k L C 1 + k L C$	q_m	k_L	R²
pyrite	$q = 0.0218 C 0.8863$	0.0218	0.8863	0.952	$q = 0.01528 C 1 + 0.0011 C$	13.89	0.0011	0.996
silicate mixture	$q = 0.0527 C 0.4702$	0.0527	0.4702	0.851	$q = 0.01538 C 1 + 0.0141 C$	1.09	0.0141	0.999
synthetic cyanide tailing	$q = 0.0507 C 0.605$	0.0507	0.605	0.964	$q = 0.01033 C 1 + 0.0015 C$	6.89	0.0015	0.995

表4 不同组成的氰化渣相似尾矿对CN-的吸附

Table 4 CN- adsorption capacity of cyanide tailing with different compositions

No.	Composition/%(mass)			q_m(SC)/(mg/g)
No.	Pyrite	Silicate mixture	Quartz	q_m(SC)/(mg/g)
1	0	0	100	0.02
2	0	100	0	1.09
3	5	40	55	3.67
4	10	30	60	4.40
5	15	25	60	6.12
6	15	20	65	5.80
7	20	30	50	6.39
8	25	25	50	7.49
9	30	20	50	8.46
10	100	0	0	13.89

表5 数学模型的验证

Table 5 Verification of mathematical model

No.	Composition/%(mass)			q_m(SC)/(mg/g)
No.	Pyrite	Silicate mixture	Quartz	Calculated value	Measured value
11	10	20	70	4.62	4.59
12	30	30	40	7.54	7.92
13	50	10	30	10.78	11.03

图6 吸附量的计算值与实测值的比较

Fig.6 Comparison of calculated values with measured values of qm

图7 硅酸盐矿物混合物吸附CN-前后的FT-IR谱图

Fig.7 FT-IR spectra of silicate mixture before and after CN- adsorption

图8 黄铁矿吸附CN-前后的FT-IR谱图

Fig.8 FT-IR spectra of pyrite before and after CN- adsorption

图9 模拟氰化渣吸附CN-前后的FT-IR谱图

Fig.9 FT-IR spectra of synthetic cyanide tailing before and after CN- adsorption

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