化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (7): 2748-2757.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20190106

• 材料化学工程与纳米技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

超盐环境下含氮碳气凝胶的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

张璇(),杨佳兴,金秋阳,佟明兴,周俊熹,高静(),李国华()   

  1. 浙江工业大学化学工程学院,浙江 杭州 310014
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-30 修回日期:2019-04-19 出版日期:2019-07-05 发布日期:2019-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 高静,李国华
  • 作者简介:张璇(1994—),女,硕士研究生,<email>2111601105@zjut.edu.cn</email>
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(21776256,21173193,21301154);浙江省自然科学基金项目(ZR2013CQ020,LQ19B010002)

Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel under hypersaline condition and its application for supercapacitors

Xuan ZHANG(),Jiaxing YANG,Qiuyang JIN,Mingxing TONG,Junxi ZHOU,Jing GAO(),Guohua LI()   

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2019-01-30 Revised:2019-04-19 Online:2019-07-05 Published:2019-07-05
  • Contact: Jing GAO,Guohua LI

摘要:

多孔碳材料因其优异的导电性和稳定性,以及成本低廉等优点而成为当今的研究热点之一。以苯酚、甲醛和三聚氰胺为原料,利用高浓度氯化锌来提供超盐环境,经溶剂热反应后,在氮气中800℃下热解制得了含氮碳气凝胶(NCA)。扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和氮气吸附等表征结果表明,该含氮碳气凝胶具有分级多孔蜂窝状结构,其比表面积高达729.6 m2/g。采用三电极测试体系测试了含氮碳气凝胶的电化学性能,结果表明,在三电极体系中,以0.5 mol/L H2SO4作为电解液,含氮碳气凝胶在电流密度为1 A/g时比电容达到350.7 F/g;在电流密度为20 A/g时,经过10000次充放电后,含氮碳气凝胶的电容保持率仍高达97.8%。在双电极体系中,含氮碳气凝胶在800 W/kg的功率密度下,能量密度可达26.8 (W·h)/kg。上述结果表明,该含氮碳气凝胶是一种非常理想的超级电容器电极材料。

关键词: 热解, 聚合物, 纳米结构, 碳气凝胶, 超盐, 超级电容器

Abstract:

Porous carbon materials have become one research hotspot due to their excellent electrical conductivity, superior stability and low cost. Using phenol, formaldehyde and melamine as raw materials, a high concentration of zinc chloride was used to provide a super-salt environment. After solvothermal reaction, a nitrogen-containing carbon aerogel(NCA) was obtained by pyrolysis at 800℃ in nitrogen. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) results demonstrate that the NCA sample has hierarchically honeycomb-like structure and its specific surface area reaches 729.6 m2/g. The as-prepared NCA, when tested in three-electrode system as supercapacitor electrode, exhibits a high specific capacitance of 350.7 F/g at 1 A/g and outstanding cycling stability with 97.8 % of the initial capacitance retained after 10000 cycles at 20 A/g in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. Moreover, symmetric supercapacitor based on the NCA electrodes could deliver an impressively high energy density of 26.8 (W·h)/kg at a power density of 800 W/kg. Therefore, NCA is one promising material that can be used in supercapacitors.

Key words: pyrolysis, polymers, nanostructure, carbon aerogel, hypersaline, supercapacitor

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