化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (4): 1724-1734.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20221589
罗来明1(), 张劲1, 郭志斌2, 王海宁1, 卢善富1(), 相艳1
收稿日期:
2022-12-09
修回日期:
2023-03-02
出版日期:
2023-04-05
发布日期:
2023-06-02
通讯作者:
卢善富
作者简介:
罗来明(1993—),男,博士研究生,luolaiming2018@126.com
基金资助:
Laiming LUO1(), Jin ZHANG1, Zhibin GUO2, Haining WANG1, Shanfu LU1(), Yan XIANG1
Received:
2022-12-09
Revised:
2023-03-02
Online:
2023-04-05
Published:
2023-06-02
Contact:
Shanfu LU
摘要:
以大尺寸单电池(有效工作面积为165 cm2)和多片单电池组装而成的电堆为研究对象,通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法探究了单电池数量对高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池堆输出性能、单池一致性和热管理的影响。模拟结果显示,当电堆的单池数量从10片增加至60片时,平均单池电压从0.6414 V略微降低至0.6404 V,且单池之间电压极差从1.8 mV增加至6.5 mV;单池间的平均工作温度从431.01 K升高至433.90 K,且每单池自身工作温度的极差从6.95 K增加至10.22 K。表明随着电堆单池数量的增加,电堆的平均单池电压呈轻微下降趋势,且单池间电压极差变大,单池电压一致性有所下降,单池间的温差变大,其单池自身的均温一致性也有所降低,电堆热管理难度增加。在模拟结果的指导下分别组装了30、60和120片单池的高温膜燃料电池堆,在氢/空干气、33 A的恒流放电条件下,测得30、60和120片单池电堆的平均单池电压分别为0.6566、0.6548和0.6552 V,单池极差从24 mV增加到59 mV,与模拟结果显示出良好的一致性,验证了模拟结果的有效性。在氢/空干气计量系数为1.5/2.5的操作条件下,展示出了优异的输出性能,三个电堆在80 A电流放电时的输出功率分别达到1.35、2.64和5.28 kW。研究结果可为千瓦级高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池堆的设计和组装测试提供理论和实践指导。
中图分类号:
罗来明, 张劲, 郭志斌, 王海宁, 卢善富, 相艳. 1~5 kW高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池堆的理论模拟与组装测试[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1724-1734.
Laiming LUO, Jin ZHANG, Zhibin GUO, Haining WANG, Shanfu LU, Yan XIANG. Simulation and experiment of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells stack in the 1—5 kW range[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1724-1734.
几何参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
单池数量 | 10~60 |
膜电极长度/mm | 176.55 |
膜电极宽度/mm | 93.65 |
膜电极面积/cm2 | 165 |
气体扩散电极厚度/μm | 430 |
质子交换膜厚度/μm | 40 |
密封圈厚度/mm | 0.9 |
石墨双极板厚度/mm | 2.5 |
金属端板厚度/mm | 20 |
表1 HT-PEMFCs电堆模型几何参数
Table 1 Geometry parameters of HT-PEMFCs stack model
几何参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
单池数量 | 10~60 |
膜电极长度/mm | 176.55 |
膜电极宽度/mm | 93.65 |
膜电极面积/cm2 | 165 |
气体扩散电极厚度/μm | 430 |
质子交换膜厚度/μm | 40 |
密封圈厚度/mm | 0.9 |
石墨双极板厚度/mm | 2.5 |
金属端板厚度/mm | 20 |
图2 电堆(60片)模型网格划分示意图和三视图(俯视图,左视图和前视图)(单位:m)
Fig.2 Grid schematic diagram and three views (top view, left view and front view) of stack model (60 cells)
边界条件和物性参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
氢气摩尔分数 | 1.0 |
氧气摩尔分数 | 0.21 |
氮气摩尔分数 | 0.79 |
氢气/空气(计量比) | 1.5/2.5 |
氢空及冷却液进口温度/℃ | 150 |
氢空及冷却液出口压力/Pa | 101325 |
阳极参考交换电流密度/(A/m2) | 102 |
阴极参考交换电流密度/(A/m2) | 10-3 |
催化层比表面积/ m-1 | 3×105 |
气体扩散层孔隙率 | 0.4 |
催化层孔隙率 | 0.3 |
气体扩散层渗透率/ m2 | 1.18×10-11 |
催化层渗透率/ m2 | 2.36×10-12 |
气体扩散电极电导率/(S/m) | 222 |
质子交换膜电导率/(S/m) | 7.64 |
氢气参考浓度/(mol/m3) | 40.88 |
氧气参考浓度/(mol/m3) | 40.88 |
表2 HT-PEMFCs电堆模型边界条件和物性参数
Table 2 Boundary conditions and physical parameters of HT-PEMFCs stack model
边界条件和物性参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
氢气摩尔分数 | 1.0 |
氧气摩尔分数 | 0.21 |
氮气摩尔分数 | 0.79 |
氢气/空气(计量比) | 1.5/2.5 |
氢空及冷却液进口温度/℃ | 150 |
氢空及冷却液出口压力/Pa | 101325 |
阳极参考交换电流密度/(A/m2) | 102 |
阴极参考交换电流密度/(A/m2) | 10-3 |
催化层比表面积/ m-1 | 3×105 |
气体扩散层孔隙率 | 0.4 |
催化层孔隙率 | 0.3 |
气体扩散层渗透率/ m2 | 1.18×10-11 |
催化层渗透率/ m2 | 2.36×10-12 |
气体扩散电极电导率/(S/m) | 222 |
质子交换膜电导率/(S/m) | 7.64 |
氢气参考浓度/(mol/m3) | 40.88 |
氧气参考浓度/(mol/m3) | 40.88 |
图4 不同单池数量(从左至右10~60片)的电堆温度分布(a)、膜电极温度分布(b)以及膜电极电流密度分布(c)
Fig.4 The stacks temperature distribution (a), MEA temperature distribution (b) and current density distribution on the MEA reaction interface (c) of different single cell numbers (10—60 cells from left to right)
电堆单池 数量 | 输出 电压/V | 输出 功率/W | 膜电极 最高温度/K | 膜电极 最低温度/K | 膜电极 温差/K | 氢气流道 压降/Pa | 空气流道 压降/Pa | 冷却液流道 压降/Pa | 空压机和泵的 寄生功耗/W | 净输出 功率/W |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 6.41 | 211.66 | 431.01 | 424.06 | 6.95 | 69.07 | 913.30 | 2918.01 | 0.47 | 211.19 |
20 | 12.82 | 423.16 | 431.91 | 423.97 | 7.94 | 69.17 | 913.40 | 4021.40 | 0.99 | 422.17 |
30 | 19.23 | 634.72 | 431.90 | 423.87 | 8.03 | 69.11 | 913.61 | 5994.63 | 1.61 | 633.11 |
40 | 25.64 | 846.15 | 431.91 | 423.80 | 8.11 | 69.18 | 915.38 | 8726.89 | 2.38 | 843.77 |
50 | 32.04 | 1057.45 | 432.64 | 423.72 | 8.92 | 69.29 | 915.84 | 12885.26 | 3.41 | 1054.04 |
60 | 38.42 | 1267.93 | 433.90 | 423.68 | 10.22 | 69.33 | 917.95 | 19512.85 | 4.92 | 1263.00 |
表3 不同单池数量对电堆模型物理场参数的影响
Table 3 Effect of different single cell numbers on the physical parameters of stacks
电堆单池 数量 | 输出 电压/V | 输出 功率/W | 膜电极 最高温度/K | 膜电极 最低温度/K | 膜电极 温差/K | 氢气流道 压降/Pa | 空气流道 压降/Pa | 冷却液流道 压降/Pa | 空压机和泵的 寄生功耗/W | 净输出 功率/W |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 6.41 | 211.66 | 431.01 | 424.06 | 6.95 | 69.07 | 913.30 | 2918.01 | 0.47 | 211.19 |
20 | 12.82 | 423.16 | 431.91 | 423.97 | 7.94 | 69.17 | 913.40 | 4021.40 | 0.99 | 422.17 |
30 | 19.23 | 634.72 | 431.90 | 423.87 | 8.03 | 69.11 | 913.61 | 5994.63 | 1.61 | 633.11 |
40 | 25.64 | 846.15 | 431.91 | 423.80 | 8.11 | 69.18 | 915.38 | 8726.89 | 2.38 | 843.77 |
50 | 32.04 | 1057.45 | 432.64 | 423.72 | 8.92 | 69.29 | 915.84 | 12885.26 | 3.41 | 1054.04 |
60 | 38.42 | 1267.93 | 433.90 | 423.68 | 10.22 | 69.33 | 917.95 | 19512.85 | 4.92 | 1263.00 |
图5 不同单池数量电堆的电压一致性(a),膜电极均温、最高温以及温差一致性[(b)~(d)]
Fig.5 Voltage consistency (a), MEA average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature difference consistency of stacks with different single cell numbers [(b)—(d)]
电堆单池数量 | 平均 电压/mV | 标准偏差 | 最高单池 电压/mV | 最低单池 电压/mV | 极差/mV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 0.6414 | 5.93×10-4 | 0.6426 | 0.6408 | 1.8 |
20 | 0.6412 | 7.16×10-4 | 0.6429 | 0.6405 | 2.4 |
30 | 0.6411 | 7.75×10-4 | 0.6432 | 0.6405 | 2.7 |
40 | 0.6410 | 8.89×10-4 | 0.6434 | 0.6401 | 3.3 |
50 | 0.6409 | 1.17×10-3 | 0.6438 | 0.6396 | 4.2 |
60 | 0.6404 | 1.77×10-3 | 0.6445 | 0.6380 | 6.5 |
表4 不同单池数量对电堆单池电压一致性的影响
Table 4 Effect of different single cell numbers on the voltage consistency of stacks
电堆单池数量 | 平均 电压/mV | 标准偏差 | 最高单池 电压/mV | 最低单池 电压/mV | 极差/mV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 0.6414 | 5.93×10-4 | 0.6426 | 0.6408 | 1.8 |
20 | 0.6412 | 7.16×10-4 | 0.6429 | 0.6405 | 2.4 |
30 | 0.6411 | 7.75×10-4 | 0.6432 | 0.6405 | 2.7 |
40 | 0.6410 | 8.89×10-4 | 0.6434 | 0.6401 | 3.3 |
50 | 0.6409 | 1.17×10-3 | 0.6438 | 0.6396 | 4.2 |
60 | 0.6404 | 1.77×10-3 | 0.6445 | 0.6380 | 6.5 |
图7 30(a)和60(b)片单池电堆实验和模拟的电压一致性以及120片单池电堆实验测试电压一致性曲线(c)
Fig.7 Experimental and simulation voltage consistency curves for 30 (a) and 60 (b) cells stacks, and experimental voltage consistency curve of 120 cells stack (c)
电堆单池 数量 | 平均 电压/mV | 标准 偏差 | 最高单池 电压/mV | 最低单池 电压/mV | 极差/mV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | |||||
实验 | 0.6566 | 6.51×10-3 | 0.6700 | 0.6460 | 24 |
模拟 | 0.6411 | 7.75×10-4 | 0.6432 | 0.6405 | 2.7 |
60 | |||||
实验 | 0.6548 | 5.48×10-3 | 0.6790 | 0.6520 | 27 |
模拟 | 0.6404 | 1.77×10-3 | 0.6445 | 0.6380 | 6.5 |
120 | |||||
实验 | 0.6552 | 1.62×10-2 | 0.6590 | 0.6000 | 59 |
表5 30和60片单池电堆(实验和模拟)以及120片单池电堆(实验测试)电压一致性参数
Table 5 Voltage consistency parameters of 30 and 60 cells stacks (experiment and simulation), and 120 cells stack (experiment)
电堆单池 数量 | 平均 电压/mV | 标准 偏差 | 最高单池 电压/mV | 最低单池 电压/mV | 极差/mV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | |||||
实验 | 0.6566 | 6.51×10-3 | 0.6700 | 0.6460 | 24 |
模拟 | 0.6411 | 7.75×10-4 | 0.6432 | 0.6405 | 2.7 |
60 | |||||
实验 | 0.6548 | 5.48×10-3 | 0.6790 | 0.6520 | 27 |
模拟 | 0.6404 | 1.77×10-3 | 0.6445 | 0.6380 | 6.5 |
120 | |||||
实验 | 0.6552 | 1.62×10-2 | 0.6590 | 0.6000 | 59 |
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