基于信号增强的缓慢泄漏检测方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190711

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前管道泄漏检测方法可有效检测突发泄漏，对于缓慢泄漏则存在检测灵敏度低、定位不准确等问题。基于此，提出了一种基于信号增强的缓慢泄漏检测方法。通过信号压缩（抽取及移位）克服缓慢泄漏压力信号下降平缓的缺点；根据声波信号具有波形尖锐突出、对突发泄漏敏感的优点，通过建立以压力为输入、虚拟声波为输出的声波信号变送器模型，将压力信号转换为声波信号，克服了泄漏压力信号容易被淹没在管道压力波动及背景噪声中的缺点，实现了缓慢泄漏信号的增强；利用临近插值方法重构虚拟声波信号，基于延时互相关分析实现了缓慢泄漏的准确定位。实验结果表明，该方法具有显著的信号增强效果和定位精度，实现了缓慢泄漏的准确检测。

关键词: 缓慢泄漏, 信号压缩, 虚拟声波, 信号增强, 算法, 石油, 仪器

Abstract:

At present, pipeline leak detection methods can effectively detect sudden leaks. While the leak signals caused by slow leak are relatively gentle and easily submerged in noise, there are problems such as low sensitivity and inaccurate location for slow leak detection. Based on this, a slow leak detection is proposed with signal enhancement. The shortcoming of the small pressure decline rate of slow leak can be overcome by compressing (drawing and shifting) the pressure signals. Based on the advantages of the sharp waveforms and sensitive to sudden leaks of acoustic signals, the acoustic signal transmitter model with pressure signal as input and virtual acoustic signal as output is established, which overcomes the shortcoming of the leak pressure signal being easily submerged in the pressure fluctuations and noise of the pipeline, and achieves the slow leak signal enhancement. And the virtual acoustic signal is reconstructed based on the adjacent interpolation method. Then accurate location is achieved by the cross-correlation of corresponding virtual acoustic signals. The results show that the method has significant signal enhancement and positioning accuracy, and achieves accurate detection of slow leakage.

Key words: slow leak, signal compression, virtual acoustic signal, signal enhancement, algorithm, petroleum, instrumentation

中图分类号:

TE 973.6

王芳, 林伟国, 常新禹, 邱宪波. 基于信号增强的缓慢泄漏检测方法[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4898-4906.

Fang WANG, Weiguo LIN, Xinyu CHANG, Xianbo QIU. Slow leak detection method based on signal enhancement[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4898-4906.

图/表 14

图1 突发和缓慢泄漏压力信号对比

Fig.1 Comparison of sudden and slow leak pressure signals

图2 信号压缩过程示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of signal compression process

图3 压力信号区间划分示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of pressure signal interval division

图4 压缩前后压力信号的时域波形

Fig.4 Time-domain waveforms of pressure signals before and after compressing

图5 声波信号变送器组成框图

Fig.5 Composition block diagram of acoustic signal transmitter

图6 缓慢泄漏信号增强效果

Fig.6 Enhancement effect of slow leak signal

图7 泄漏信号增强过程

Fig.7 Leak signal enhancement process

图8 原始压力信号、压缩后压力信号、增强后虚拟声波信号及重构后虚拟声波信号的时域波形

Fig.8 Time-domain waveforms of original pressure signal, compressed pressure signal, enhanced virtual acoustic signal and reconstructed virtual acoustic signal

表1 管道参数

Table 1 Pipeline parameters

管道参数	输水管道	石脑油管道
管道总长/km	62	15.511
管道直径/mm	914	150
管壁厚度/mm	23.8	6
输送量/(m³/h)	1500~3100	不详
上游参考压力/MPa	5	2.18
下游参考压力/MPa	2	0.48
声波速度/(m/s)	1323	1055
压力变送器型号/参数	霍尼韦尔STG74L/0.065%	浙大中控SKGW04V5/0.065%
声波信号变送器型号/参数	自主研发/参见1.2节
模拟泄漏点位置（距离上游）/ km	43.990	9.476
信号采样频率/ Hz	100	50

图9 泄漏检测流程

Fig.9 Flow chart of leak detection

图10 缓慢泄漏压力、实测声波和虚拟声波信号

Fig.10 Pressure signals, acoustic signals and virtual acoustic signals of slow leak

图11 突发泄漏压力、实测声波和虚拟声波信号

Fig.11 Pressure signals, acoustic signals and virtual acoustic signals of sudden leak

表2 互相关定位方法结合插值方法的定位结果

Table 2 Location results of cross-correlation location method combined with interpolation method/km

泄漏类型	样本	插值前	线性插值	三次样条插值	立方插值	临近插值
缓慢	1	33.621	43.471	43.471	43.471	43.655
缓慢	2	34.557	43.223	43.223	43.223	43.212
突发	3	8.399	9.665	9.665	9.665	9.665
突发	4	8.367	9.570	9.570	9.570	9.570

表3 三种泄漏检测方法的测试结果比较

Table 3 Comparison results of three leak detection methods

检测方法	输水管道（缓慢）				石脑油输送管道（突发）
检测方法	漏报次数/泄漏样本总数	误报次数/样本总数	最大定位误差/km	诊断时间/s	漏报次数/泄漏样本总数	误报次数/样本总数	最大定位误差/km	诊断时间/s
本文方法	0/3	1/14400	0.53	0.87	0/15	0/14400	0.094	0.21
负压波法	1/3	162/14400	4.05	1.3	2/15	72/14400	1.487	0.56
声波法	3/3	523/14400	—	0.65	0/15	0/14400	0.084	0.04

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