煤基/石油基火箭煤油高参数黏温特性与组分特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221560

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究温度变化及组分变化对液体火箭推进剂黏度的影响规律，以煤基/石油基火箭煤油两种燃料为研究对象，获取两种燃料宽广温度和压力范围内的黏度数据，构建两种燃料“黏度-温度-压力”数学模型，大多数模型偏差都在5%的实验扩展不确定度范围内，能够精确预测燃料黏度随温度及压力的变化。黏温系数及等压黏度变化率的大小可反映不同燃料的黏温特性，对比结果表明，煤基煤油和石油基煤油的黏温系数和等压黏度变化率的绝对值相近，受温度影响程度几乎相同。根据运动黏度梯度，提供两种火箭煤油雾化燃烧效果最佳的临界预热温度。以灰色关联理论方法分析火箭煤油五组分烃类物质与黏度及黏度变化率的相关性，研究影响火箭煤油黏度的敏感组分因素。结果表明：单环烷烃对低温火箭煤油黏度指标影响最大，双环烷烃对高温火箭煤油黏度指标影响最大。

关键词: 碳氢化合物, 燃料, 煤基煤油, 石油基煤油, 黏度, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract:

In order to study the influence law of temperature change and component change on viscosity of liquid rocket propellant, coal-based/petroleum-based rocket kerosene was used as the research object, and the viscosity data of the two fuels in a wide range of temperature and pressure were obtained, and two kinds of fuels were constructed. The “viscosity-temperature-pressure” mathematical models of the two fuels were constructed. Most model deviations are within the 5% range of experimental expansion uncertainty. It can accurately predict the change of fuel viscosity with temperature and pressure. The viscosity-temperature coefficient and the change rate of isobaric viscosity can reflect the viscosity-temperature characteristics of different fuels. The comparison results show that the absolute values of viscosity-temperature coefficient and isobaric viscosity change rate of coal-based kerosene and petroleum-based kerosene are similar, and they are affected by temperature to almost the same degree. According to the kinematic viscosity gradient, two kinds of critical preheating temperatures for the best atomization combustion effect of rocket kerosene are provided. Grey relation theory was used to analyze the correlation between the composition of rocket kerosene and the viscosity and viscosity change rate, and to study the sensitive component factors affecting the viscosity of rocket kerosene. The results show that monocyclic alkanes have the greatest influence on the viscosity index of low-temperature rocket kerosene, while bicyclic alkanes have the greatest influence on the viscosity index of high-temperature rocket kerosene.

Key words: hydrocarbons, fuel, coal-based kerosene, petroleum-based kerosene, viscosity, grey correlation analysis

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

张家庆, 蒋榕培, 史伟康, 武博翔, 杨超, 刘朝晖. 煤基/石油基火箭煤油高参数黏温特性与组分特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 653-665.

Jiaqing ZHANG, Rongpei JIANG, Weikang SHI, Boxiang WU, Chao YANG, Zhaohui LIU. Study on viscosity-temperature characteristics and component characteristics of rocket kerosene[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 653-665.

图/表 15

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发表年份	煤油种类	工况	测试点数	方法	不确定度	文献
2009	RP-1，RP-2	293~373 K 0.1 MPa	18	开放式重力型毛细管黏度计	—	[9]
2013	RP-1，RP-2	263~323 K 0.083 MPa	46	商业旋转同心圆筒式黏度计	0.28%~3.90%	[10]
2013	RP-2	270~425 K 0.1~137 MPa	94	振荡活塞黏度计	5%	[11]
2019	RP-1	301~744 K 0.1~60 MPa	74	毛细管法	2%	[12]
2020	RP-2	298~573 K 5~100 MPa	99	体积可变的滚球黏度计	4%	[8]
2022	煤基火箭煤油	299.6~678.8 K 0.3~40.4 MPa	130	高温高压双毛细管黏度计	0.83%~4.91%	[13]

发表年份	煤油种类	工况	测试点数	方法	不确定度	文献
2009	RP-1，RP-2	293~373 K 0.1 MPa	18	开放式重力型毛细管黏度计	—	[9]
2013	RP-1，RP-2	263~323 K 0.083 MPa	46	商业旋转同心圆筒式黏度计	0.28%~3.90%	[10]
2013	RP-2	270~425 K 0.1~137 MPa	94	振荡活塞黏度计	5%	[11]
2019	RP-1	301~744 K 0.1~60 MPa	74	毛细管法	2%	[12]
2020	RP-2	298~573 K 5~100 MPa	99	体积可变的滚球黏度计	4%	[8]
2022	煤基火箭煤油	299.6~678.8 K 0.3~40.4 MPa	130	高温高压双毛细管黏度计	0.83%~4.91%	[13]

名称	来源	组分测试	平均分子式	平均分子量/(g/mol)	临界温度/K	临界压力/MPa
煤基煤油	西安航天动力试验技术研究所	ASTM D2425^①	C_11.21H_21.21^②	155.73	687.74	2.263
石油基煤油	北京航天试验技术研究所	ASTM D2425	C_12.06H_22.84^②	167.56	695.50	2.175

名称	来源	组分测试	平均分子式	平均分子量/(g/mol)	临界温度/K	临界压力/MPa
煤基煤油	西安航天动力试验技术研究所	ASTM D2425^①	C_11.21H_21.21^②	155.73	687.74	2.263
石油基煤油	北京航天试验技术研究所	ASTM D2425	C_12.06H_22.84^②	167.56	695.50	2.175

系数	煤基煤油	石油基煤油
Z₀	1.19071×10²	2.25508×10³
Z₁	-5.54439×10³	-9.65659×10⁴
Z₂	2.12645×10	3.90518×10²
Z₃	1.56939×10^-2	3.95265×10^-2
E₀	-1.00333×10^-1	7.14612×10^-4
E₁	1.81220×10	-2.01337
E₂	3.68335×10^-2	-3.75306×10^-3
A	-4.84325	3.61364
B	-2.69211×10^-10	6.97318×10^-11
AAD/%	2.45	1.40
MAD/%	8.67	5.82
Bias/%	-0.02	0.07