改性沸石抑制乙烯爆炸性能及机理研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231063

化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (12): 5048-5060.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231063

• 过程安全 • 上一篇

改性沸石抑制乙烯爆炸性能及机理研究

王燕(), 杨帅帅, 张国涛, 徐子晖, 毛文哲, 纪文涛()

河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院，河南焦作 454000
河南省燃爆动力灾害预警与应急工程技术研究中心，河南焦作 454000
煤炭安全生产与清洁利用省部共建协同创新中心，河南焦作 454000

收稿日期:2023-10-13 修回日期:2023-11-23 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2024-02-19
通讯作者: 纪文涛
作者简介:王燕（1982—），女，博士，教授，yanwang@ hpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3080700);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52374197);河南省优秀青年科学基金项目(212300410042)

Explosion suppression characteristics and mechanism of ethylene by modified zeolite

Yan WANG(), Shuaishuai YANG, Guotao ZHANG, Zihui XU, Wenzhe MAO, Wentao JI()

College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
Explosion Dynamic Disaster Early Warning and Emergency Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China

Received:2023-10-13 Revised:2023-11-23 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2024-02-19
Contact: Wentao JI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研发抑制性能优异且廉价环保的新型乙烯抑爆材料，以沸石为基材，根据乙烯爆炸基元反应，选取氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷两种硅烷偶联剂对沸石进行表面改性，并采用20 L球形爆炸装置及5 L管道爆炸装置研究了改性后沸石对乙烯爆炸超压和火焰传播抑制性能。实验结果表明：采用水解法可将硅烷偶联剂接枝在沸石表面，成功制得氨丙基沸石和乙烯基沸石。相同条件下，浓度为1500 g·m^-3的沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石可使浓度为6.5%（体积分数）的乙烯爆炸压力分别降低31.40%、42.05%、43.43%，爆炸压力上升速率分别降低63.36%、91.22%、92.40%。浓度为900 g·m^-3的沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石均可显著降低浓度为6.5%的乙烯爆炸火焰亮度和火焰结构连续性，并使火焰平均传播速度分别降低60.46%、92.23%、93.16%。相比之下，改性沸石对乙烯爆炸超压和火焰的抑制作用更为显著，即改性沸石具有更为优异的乙烯爆炸抑制性能，且乙烯基沸石抑制性能优于氨丙基沸石。结合沸石及改性沸石热解特性及乙烯爆炸基元反应，从物理和化学两个方面分析了改性沸石对乙烯爆炸的抑制机理。

关键词: 沸石, 粉体, 安全, 硅烷偶联剂, 乙烯爆炸, 爆炸抑制

Abstract:

In order to develop a novel explosion suppression material with excellent performance, low cost, and environmental friendliness, zeolite was chosen as the base material. Based on the elementary reaction of ethylene explosion, two types of silane coupling agents, namely, amino propyl trimethoxy silane and vinyl trimethoxy silane, were selected to modify the surface of zeolite. The modified zeolite's ability to suppress ethylene explosion overpressure and flame propagation was studied by using a 20 L spherical explosive apparatus and a 5 L pipeline explosive apparatus. The experimental results showed that the silane coupling agents were successfully grafted onto the zeolite surface by using a hydrolysis method, resulting in the synthesis of amino propyl-modified zeolite and vinyl-modified zeolite. Under the same conditions, the zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, and vinyl zeolite dust with concentration of 1500 g·m^-3 can make the explosion pressure of ethylene with concentration of 6.5%(vol) reduce 31.40%, 42.05%, and 43.43%, respectively, and make the explosion pressure rise rate reduce 63.36%, 91.22%, and 92.40%, respectively. The zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, and vinyl zeolite dust with concentration of 900 g·m^-3 can significantly reduce the 6.5% ethylene explosion flame brightness and flame structure continuity, and reduce the average flame propagation speed by 60.46%, 92.23%, and 93.16%, respectively. In contrast, modified zeolite has a more significant inhibitory effect on ethylene explosion overpressure and flame, that is, modified zeolite has better ethylene explosion suppression performance, and vinyl zeolite has better suppression performance than aminopropyl zeolite. Finally, based on the thermolysis characteristics of zeolite and modified zeolites, as well as the elementary reaction of ethylene explosion, the inhibitory mechanism of the modified zeolites on ethylene explosion was analyzed from both physical and chemical perspectives.

Key words: zeolite, powders, safety, silane coupling agent, ethylene explosion, explosion suppression

中图分类号:

X 937

王燕, 杨帅帅, 张国涛, 徐子晖, 毛文哲, 纪文涛. 改性沸石抑制乙烯爆炸性能及机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 5048-5060.

Yan WANG, Shuaishuai YANG, Guotao ZHANG, Zihui XU, Wenzhe MAO, Wentao JI. Explosion suppression characteristics and mechanism of ethylene by modified zeolite[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 5048-5060.

图/表 18

图1 沸石粒径分布及扫描电镜图

Fig.1 Zeolite particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy image

图2 20 L球形爆炸装置结构

Fig.2 Structure of a 20 L spherical explosive device

图3 5 L管道爆炸实验装置结构

Fig.3 Structure of 5 L pipeline explosion experimental device

图4 硅烷偶联剂改性沸石原理图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of zeolite modified by silane coupling agent

图5 氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石粒径分布及扫描电镜图

Fig.5 Aminopropyl zeolite, vinyl zeolite particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy image

图6 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石X射线能谱分析

Fig.6 Zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, vinyl zeolite energy dispersive spectrometer

图7 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石X射线衍射图

Fig.7 X-ray diffraction patterns of zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, vinyl zeolite

图8 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石傅里叶红外光谱图

Fig.8 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, vinyl zeolite

图9 不同浓度沸石、改性沸石对乙烯爆炸压力抑制规律

Fig.9 The ethylene explosion pressure inhibition law of different concentrations of zeolite, modified zeolite

图10 不同浓度沸石、改性沸石对乙烯爆炸压力上升速率抑制规律

Fig.10 The explosion pressure rise rate of ethylene inhibition law of different concentrations of zeolite, modified zeolite

图11 不同浓度沸石作用下乙烯爆炸火焰结构变化规律

Fig.11 The variation patterns of ethylene explosion flame structure under the influence of zeolite at different concentrations

图12 不同浓度氨丙基沸石作用下乙烯爆炸火焰结构变化规律

Fig.12 The variation patterns of ethylene explosion flame structure under the influence of aminopropyl zeolite at different concentrations

图13 不同浓度乙烯基沸石作用下乙烯爆炸火焰结构变化规律

Fig.13 The variation patterns of ethylene explosion flame structure under the influence of vinyl zeolite at different concentrations

图14 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石对乙烯爆炸火焰前沿位置的影响

Fig.14 Effect of zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, and vinyl zeolite on the position of the ethylene flame front

图15 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石对乙烯爆炸火焰传播速度影响

Fig.15 Effect of zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, vinyl zeolite on the flame propagation velocity of the ethylene flame

图16 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石对乙烯爆炸平均火焰传播速度的影响

Fig.16 Influence of zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite and vinyl zeolite on the average fcame propagaion velocity of ethylene explosion

图17 沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石热重分析

Fig.17 Thermogravimetric analysis of zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, vinyl zeolite

图18 6.5%乙烯爆炸主要基元反应

Fig.18 Mainly elementry reaction of 6.5% ethylene explosion

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改性沸石抑制乙烯爆炸性能及机理研究

Explosion suppression characteristics and mechanism of ethylene by modified zeolite

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