化工学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (9): 3297-3309.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240123
卢昕悦1,2(), 陈锐莹1, 姜夏雪1, 梁海瑞1, 高歌1, 叶正芳2()
收稿日期:
2024-01-26
修回日期:
2024-06-03
出版日期:
2024-09-25
发布日期:
2024-10-10
通讯作者:
叶正芳
作者简介:
卢昕悦(1995—),女,博士,工程师,luxy21@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
Xinyue LU1,2(), Ruiying CHEN1, Xiaxue JIANG1, Hairui LIANG1, Ge GAO1, Zhengfang YE2()
Received:
2024-01-26
Revised:
2024-06-03
Online:
2024-09-25
Published:
2024-10-10
Contact:
Zhengfang YE
摘要:
为解决压缩气体储能系统中外加冷源的供应问题,同时高效利用液化天然气(LNG)冷能,构建了耦合LNG冷能的液态空气储能系统(LNG-LAES)和耦合LNG冷能的液态CO2储能系统(LNG-LCES),并进行了热力学和经济性对比分析。结果表明:气体压缩、膨胀做功和LNG换热环节在两系统中㶲损较大,是系统优化关键环节;适当增加储释能压力及LNG压力会提升系统性能,而LNG温度过低会降低系统性能。LNG-LAES的最优㶲效率、膨胀发电量、储能密度分别为57.53%、13.08 MW、79.61 kW·h/m3,均高于LNG-LCES(43.42%,5.44 MW,41.16 kW·h/m3);但LNG-LCES的循环效率和冷能利用率更高,对LNG温度波动有更强适应性,并在经济性方面表现较优。耦合LNG冷能的两种液态气体储能相比常规未耦合LNG的储能系统循环效率提高了7%~25%,可为改进储能系统性能提供一定参考。
中图分类号:
卢昕悦, 陈锐莹, 姜夏雪, 梁海瑞, 高歌, 叶正芳. 耦合LNG冷能的液态空气储能系统和液态CO2储能系统对比分析[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3297-3309.
Xinyue LU, Ruiying CHEN, Xiaxue JIANG, Hairui LIANG, Ge GAO, Zhengfang YE. Comparative study on liquid air energy storage system and liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled with liquefied natural gas cold energy[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3297-3309.
图1 LNG-LAES系统工艺流程图AC1,AC2,AC3—压缩机;AE1,AE2,AE3—级间冷却器;AE8—冷箱;AE9—蓄冷换热器;AT10—液力透平;AF1—气液分离器;AR1—液化气体储液罐;AP0—液化气体低温泵;AE10—蓄热换热器;AE11—蓄能填充床;AE12—氮气蓄冷床;AE4,AE5,AE6—级间加热器;AT1,AT2,AT3—膨胀机;ALNG—LNG冷能换热器;AP1—冷水泵;AV1—冷水罐;AP2—热水泵;AV2—热水罐
Fig.1 Process flow diagram of LNG-LAES system
图2 LNG-LCES系统工艺流程图BC1,BC2,BC3—压缩机;BE1,BE2,BE3—级间冷却器;BE7—冷箱;BF1—气液分离器;BR1—高压CO2储罐;BP0—低温泵;BE4,BE5,BE6—级间加热器;BT1,BT2,BT3—膨胀机;BLNG—LNG冷能换热器;BR2—低压CO2储罐;BP4—增压泵;BE8—海水加热器;BP1—冷水泵;BV1—冷水罐;BP2—热水泵;BV2—热水罐
Fig.2 Process flow diagram of LNG-LCES system
参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
原料气质量流量/(t/h) | 123.5 |
环境温度/℃ | 20 |
环境压力/kPa | 103 |
接收站单条外输线LNG最大外输量/(t/h) | 175 |
接收站LNG高压外输压力/MPa | 10 |
压缩机等熵效率 | 0.85 |
泵等熵效率 | 0.85 |
膨胀机等熵效率 | 0.85 |
换热器最小温差/℃ | 3 |
蓄冷效率/% | 80 |
表1 主要设计参数
Table 1 Process design parameters
参数 | 数值 |
---|---|
原料气质量流量/(t/h) | 123.5 |
环境温度/℃ | 20 |
环境压力/kPa | 103 |
接收站单条外输线LNG最大外输量/(t/h) | 175 |
接收站LNG高压外输压力/MPa | 10 |
压缩机等熵效率 | 0.85 |
泵等熵效率 | 0.85 |
膨胀机等熵效率 | 0.85 |
换热器最小温差/℃ | 3 |
蓄冷效率/% | 80 |
组成 | 含量/%(mol) |
---|---|
氮气 | 0.02 |
甲烷 | 86.20 |
乙烷 | 8.47 |
丙烷 | 3.94 |
异丁烷 | 0.70 |
正丁烷 | 0.65 |
异戊烷 | 0.02 |
正戊烷 | 0 |
总计 | 100.00 |
表2 LNG组成参数
Table 2 LNG composition
组成 | 含量/%(mol) |
---|---|
氮气 | 0.02 |
甲烷 | 86.20 |
乙烷 | 8.47 |
丙烷 | 3.94 |
异丁烷 | 0.70 |
正丁烷 | 0.65 |
异戊烷 | 0.02 |
正戊烷 | 0 |
总计 | 100.00 |
设备 | 成本计算模型 | 特性参数 | |
---|---|---|---|
压缩机 | X1为功率,kW | ||
膨胀机 | X2为功率,kW | ||
泵 | X3为功率,kW | ||
换热器 | X4为换热面积,m2 | ||
压力储罐 | X5为储罐体积,m3 | ||
普通储罐 | X6为储罐体积,m3 |
表3 主要设备成本计算模型
Table 3 Cost estimating equation of major components
设备 | 成本计算模型 | 特性参数 | |
---|---|---|---|
压缩机 | X1为功率,kW | ||
膨胀机 | X2为功率,kW | ||
泵 | X3为功率,kW | ||
换热器 | X4为换热面积,m2 | ||
压力储罐 | X5为储罐体积,m3 | ||
普通储罐 | X6为储罐体积,m3 |
状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) | 状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a1 | 25.0 | 101 | 123.50 | a14 | -74.8 | 13980 | 104.90 |
a2 | 206.3 | 445 | 123.50 | a15 | 196.0 | 13960 | 104.90 |
a3 | 46.0 | 424 | 123.50 | a16 | 53.3 | 3005 | 104.90 |
a4 | 239.1 | 1867 | 123.50 | a17 | 196.0 | 2987 | 104.90 |
a5 | 46.0 | 1847 | 123.50 | a18 | 4.7 | 300 | 104.90 |
a6 | 240.1 | 8128 | 123.50 | a19 | 146.0 | 281 | 104.90 |
a7 | 46.0 | 8108 | 123.50 | a20 | 56.6 | 101 | 104.90 |
a8 | -23.2 | 8088 | 123.50 | a21 | -140.0 | 9970 | 13.870 |
a9 | -142.0 | 8068 | 123.50 | a22 | 0.3 | 9950 | 13.870 |
a10 | -154.6 | 2000 | 123.50 | a23 | -130.0 | 215 | 62.750 |
a11 | -154.6 | 2000 | 104.90 | a24 | 5.9 | 235 | 62.750 |
a12 | -154.6 | 2000 | 104.90 | a25 | -147.0 | 100 | 280.10 |
a13 | -139.9 | 14000 | 104.90 | a26 | -70.0 | 400 | 224.10 |
表4 LNG-LAES系统参数
Table 4 Operating parameters of LNG-LAES process
状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) | 状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a1 | 25.0 | 101 | 123.50 | a14 | -74.8 | 13980 | 104.90 |
a2 | 206.3 | 445 | 123.50 | a15 | 196.0 | 13960 | 104.90 |
a3 | 46.0 | 424 | 123.50 | a16 | 53.3 | 3005 | 104.90 |
a4 | 239.1 | 1867 | 123.50 | a17 | 196.0 | 2987 | 104.90 |
a5 | 46.0 | 1847 | 123.50 | a18 | 4.7 | 300 | 104.90 |
a6 | 240.1 | 8128 | 123.50 | a19 | 146.0 | 281 | 104.90 |
a7 | 46.0 | 8108 | 123.50 | a20 | 56.6 | 101 | 104.90 |
a8 | -23.2 | 8088 | 123.50 | a21 | -140.0 | 9970 | 13.870 |
a9 | -142.0 | 8068 | 123.50 | a22 | 0.3 | 9950 | 13.870 |
a10 | -154.6 | 2000 | 123.50 | a23 | -130.0 | 215 | 62.750 |
a11 | -154.6 | 2000 | 104.90 | a24 | 5.9 | 235 | 62.750 |
a12 | -154.6 | 2000 | 104.90 | a25 | -147.0 | 100 | 280.10 |
a13 | -139.9 | 14000 | 104.90 | a26 | -70.0 | 400 | 224.10 |
状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) | 状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b1 | 58.0 | 1500 | 123.50 | b14 | 128.0 | 14980 | 123.50 |
b2 | 138.4 | 3600 | 123.50 | b15 | 60.4 | 6612 | 123.50 |
b3 | 56.0 | 3580 | 123.50 | b16 | 128.0 | 6593 | 123.50 |
b4 | 139.3 | 8592 | 123.50 | b17 | -23.5 | 630 | 123.50 |
b5 | 55.0 | 8572 | 123.50 | b18 | -50.0 | 610 | 123.50 |
b6 | 128.7 | 20570 | 123.50 | b19 | -50.0 | 610 | 123.50 |
b7 | 56.0 | 20550 | 123.50 | b20 | -49.6 | 1510 | 123.50 |
b8 | 20.0 | 20530 | 123.50 | b21 | 58.0 | 1500 | 123.50 |
b9 | 20.0 | 20530 | 123.50 | b22 | -140.0 | 9975 | 106.80 |
b10 | 20.0 | 20530 | 123.50 | b23 | -48.4 | 9955 | 106.80 |
b11 | 22.4 | 23000 | 123.50 | b24 | -30.0 | 500 | 97.27 |
b12 | 128.0 | 22980 | 123.50 | b25 | 10.0 | 480 | 97.27 |
b13 | 96.2 | 15000 | 123.50 |
表5 LNG-LCES系统参数
Table 5 Operating parameters of LNG-LCES process
状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) | 状态点 | 温度/℃ | 压力/kPa | 质量流量/(t/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b1 | 58.0 | 1500 | 123.50 | b14 | 128.0 | 14980 | 123.50 |
b2 | 138.4 | 3600 | 123.50 | b15 | 60.4 | 6612 | 123.50 |
b3 | 56.0 | 3580 | 123.50 | b16 | 128.0 | 6593 | 123.50 |
b4 | 139.3 | 8592 | 123.50 | b17 | -23.5 | 630 | 123.50 |
b5 | 55.0 | 8572 | 123.50 | b18 | -50.0 | 610 | 123.50 |
b6 | 128.7 | 20570 | 123.50 | b19 | -50.0 | 610 | 123.50 |
b7 | 56.0 | 20550 | 123.50 | b20 | -49.6 | 1510 | 123.50 |
b8 | 20.0 | 20530 | 123.50 | b21 | 58.0 | 1500 | 123.50 |
b9 | 20.0 | 20530 | 123.50 | b22 | -140.0 | 9975 | 106.80 |
b10 | 20.0 | 20530 | 123.50 | b23 | -48.4 | 9955 | 106.80 |
b11 | 22.4 | 23000 | 123.50 | b24 | -30.0 | 500 | 97.27 |
b12 | 128.0 | 22980 | 123.50 | b25 | 10.0 | 480 | 97.27 |
b13 | 96.2 | 15000 | 123.50 |
设备 | 㶲损失/kW | |
---|---|---|
LNG-LAES系统 | LNG-LCES系统 | |
合计 | 12756.02 | 4951.44 |
压缩机 | 1880.44 | 649.40 |
膨胀机 | 2535.02 | 1023.88 |
泵 | 277.27 | 8.02 |
冷却器 | 777.32 | 250.11 |
加热器 | 4382.12 | 423.14 |
LNG换热器 | 1388.44 | 2075.19 |
蓄能换热器 | 1515.41 | 521.69 |
表6 主要设备㶲损失
Table 6 Exergy loss for main equipment
设备 | 㶲损失/kW | |
---|---|---|
LNG-LAES系统 | LNG-LCES系统 | |
合计 | 12756.02 | 4951.44 |
压缩机 | 1880.44 | 649.40 |
膨胀机 | 2535.02 | 1023.88 |
泵 | 277.27 | 8.02 |
冷却器 | 777.32 | 250.11 |
加热器 | 4382.12 | 423.14 |
LNG换热器 | 1388.44 | 2075.19 |
蓄能换热器 | 1515.41 | 521.69 |
参数 | LNG-LAES系统 | LNG-LCES系统 |
---|---|---|
最佳储能压力/MPa | 2.0 | 20 |
最大释能压力/MPa | 14 | 25 |
可接受LNG温区/℃ | -160~-130 | -160~-110 |
可接受LNG压力/MPa | 1~10 | 1~10 |
系统最大㶲效率/% | 57.53 | 43.42 |
系统最大循环效率/% | 63.01 | 80.53 |
最大LNG冷能利用率/% | 52.72 | 59.33 |
最大膨胀发电量/MW | 13.08 | 5.44 |
储能密度/(kW·h/m3) | 79.61 | 41.16 |
表7 两种储能系统关键热力学性能参数对比
Table 7 Comparison of main performance parameters of proposed two systems
参数 | LNG-LAES系统 | LNG-LCES系统 |
---|---|---|
最佳储能压力/MPa | 2.0 | 20 |
最大释能压力/MPa | 14 | 25 |
可接受LNG温区/℃ | -160~-130 | -160~-110 |
可接受LNG压力/MPa | 1~10 | 1~10 |
系统最大㶲效率/% | 57.53 | 43.42 |
系统最大循环效率/% | 63.01 | 80.53 |
最大LNG冷能利用率/% | 52.72 | 59.33 |
最大膨胀发电量/MW | 13.08 | 5.44 |
储能密度/(kW·h/m3) | 79.61 | 41.16 |
储能系统 | 循环效率/% | 平均能源成本/(CNY/(kW·h)) | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
LCES | 56.64 | — | [ |
55.23 | — | [ | |
58.79 | 1.13 | [ | |
68.79 | 0.77 | [ | |
LNG-LCES | 81.09 | 0.72 | [ |
LNG-LCES(本研究) | 80.53 | 0.82 | — |
LAES | 55 | — | [ |
50 | — | [ | |
56.48 | 0.85 | [ | |
54~56 | 0.92 | [ | |
LNG-LAES | 68.12 | — | [ |
68.64 | — | [ | |
LNG-LAES-ORC | 70.31 | — | [ |
LNG-LAES-Brayton | 70.6 | — | [ |
LNG-LAES(本研究) | 63.01 | 0.98 | - |
表8 不同液态气体储能系统仿真模拟研究对比
Table 8 Comparison of diffferent research on liquid gas energy storage systems
储能系统 | 循环效率/% | 平均能源成本/(CNY/(kW·h)) | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
LCES | 56.64 | — | [ |
55.23 | — | [ | |
58.79 | 1.13 | [ | |
68.79 | 0.77 | [ | |
LNG-LCES | 81.09 | 0.72 | [ |
LNG-LCES(本研究) | 80.53 | 0.82 | — |
LAES | 55 | — | [ |
50 | — | [ | |
56.48 | 0.85 | [ | |
54~56 | 0.92 | [ | |
LNG-LAES | 68.12 | — | [ |
68.64 | — | [ | |
LNG-LAES-ORC | 70.31 | — | [ |
LNG-LAES-Brayton | 70.6 | — | [ |
LNG-LAES(本研究) | 63.01 | 0.98 | - |
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