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收稿日期:
2024-01-16
修回日期:
2024-02-19
出版日期:
2024-03-08
通讯作者:
周利
作者简介:
黄志鸿(1999—),男,硕士研究生,rick_zhihong@163.com
基金资助:
Zhihong HUANG(), Li ZHOU(), Shiyang CHAI, Xu JI
Received:
2024-01-16
Revised:
2024-02-19
Online:
2024-03-08
Contact:
Li ZHOU
摘要:
当前环境法规日益严格,炼厂为提高产品质量需要深化加氢处理深度,但这会显著增加氢气消耗。此外,当加氢装置处理量调整以及原油切换引起杂质含量波动时,加氢装置工况将会产生偏移,若不及时对新工况下的氢气使用进行优化,可能导致产品质量下降或造成氢气浪费。针对于此,提出了一个耦合加氢装置优化的多周期氢网络集成方法。该方法第一阶段通过使用加氢精制装置操作参数优化模型获得不同场景下各装置的最佳操作参数,第二阶段综合多个优化后的操作场景集成氢网络。通过实例计算表明,基于所提出的优化方法能获得满足不同场景下的加氢精制装置的加氢需求、以更低的成本获得合格产品的氢气网络运行策略。
中图分类号:
黄志鸿, 周利, 柴士阳, 吉旭. 耦合加氢装置优化的多周期氢网络集成[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240075.
Zhihong HUANG, Li ZHOU, Shiyang CHAI, Xu JI. Integrating optimization of hydrogenation units in multi-period hydrogen network[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240075.
流量/t·h-1 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
1月 | 150.00 | 373.81 | 216.67 | 50.00 |
3月 | 134.25 | 392.84 | 243.92 | 38.91 |
5月 | 178.34 | 328.95 | 202.29 | 44.58 |
7月 | 163.93 | 319.92 | 189.47 | 46.32 |
9月 | 126.39 | 448.39 | 239.32 | 48.25 |
11月 | 159.28 | 402.58 | 227.34 | 43.29 |
表1 HDT装置的入口进料流量
Table 1 Feed flow data at the inlet of hydrotreating units
流量/t·h-1 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
1月 | 150.00 | 373.81 | 216.67 | 50.00 |
3月 | 134.25 | 392.84 | 243.92 | 38.91 |
5月 | 178.34 | 328.95 | 202.29 | 44.58 |
7月 | 163.93 | 319.92 | 189.47 | 46.32 |
9月 | 126.39 | 448.39 | 239.32 | 48.25 |
11月 | 159.28 | 402.58 | 227.34 | 43.29 |
硫含量/(mg/kg) | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
1月 | 4800 | 3011 | 390 | 600 |
3月 | 6243 | 3854 | 491 | 792 |
5月 | 4176 | 2620 | 339 | 522 |
7月 | 5616 | 3704 | 476 | 717 |
9月 | 3792 | 2379 | 308 | 474 |
11月 | 5997 | 3764 | 488 | 752 |
表2 HDT装置入口的进料硫含量
Table 2 The inlet feed sulfur content data of the hydrotreating units
硫含量/(mg/kg) | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
1月 | 4800 | 3011 | 390 | 600 |
3月 | 6243 | 3854 | 491 | 792 |
5月 | 4176 | 2620 | 339 | 522 |
7月 | 5616 | 3704 | 476 | 717 |
9月 | 3792 | 2379 | 308 | 474 |
11月 | 5997 | 3764 | 488 | 752 |
LHSV/h-1 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
1月 | 1.920 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 2.250 |
3月 | 1.718 | 2.102 | 3.377 | 1.751 |
5月 | 2.283 | 1.760 | 2.801 | 2.006 |
7月 | 2.098 | 1.712 | 2.623 | 2.084 |
9月 | 1.618 | 2.399 | 3.314 | 2.171 |
11月 | 2.039 | 2.154 | 3.148 | 1.948 |
表3 HDT装置的空速
Table 3 LHSV of hydrotreating units
LHSV/h-1 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
1月 | 1.920 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 2.250 |
3月 | 1.718 | 2.102 | 3.377 | 1.751 |
5月 | 2.283 | 1.760 | 2.801 | 2.006 |
7月 | 2.098 | 1.712 | 2.623 | 2.084 |
9月 | 1.618 | 2.399 | 3.314 | 2.171 |
11月 | 2.039 | 2.154 | 3.148 | 1.948 |
操作条件和约束 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
反应温度/k | 633.0 | 648.0 | 513.0 | 553.0 |
反应压力/bar | 67.2 | 70.0 | 27.0 | 38.3 |
反应空速/h-1 | 1.920 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 2.250 |
气体硫含量限制 | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% |
最低氢气纯度 | 90% | 90% | 86% | 88% |
产品硫含量 (不大于)/(mg/kg) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 400 |
表4 HDT装置操作条件和入口流股浓度约束
Table 4 Operating conditions and inlet stream concentration constrains for the hydrotreating units
操作条件和约束 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | KHT |
---|---|---|---|---|
反应温度/k | 633.0 | 648.0 | 513.0 | 553.0 |
反应压力/bar | 67.2 | 70.0 | 27.0 | 38.3 |
反应空速/h-1 | 1.920 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 2.250 |
气体硫含量限制 | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% |
最低氢气纯度 | 90% | 90% | 86% | 88% |
产品硫含量 (不大于)/(mg/kg) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 400 |
周期 | 模型计算耗氢/ (kmol·h-1) | 实际耗氢/ (kmol·h-1) | 计算偏差 |
---|---|---|---|
1月 | 855 | 913 | -6% |
3月 | 978 | 1026 | -5% |
5月 | 623 | 672 | -7% |
7月 | 749 | 762 | -2% |
9月 | 1024 | 1097 | -7% |
11月 | 787 | 831 | -5% |
表5 DHT-1模型计算耗氢与实际耗氢对比
Table 5 Calculation and actual hydrogen consumption of DHT-1
周期 | 模型计算耗氢/ (kmol·h-1) | 实际耗氢/ (kmol·h-1) | 计算偏差 |
---|---|---|---|
1月 | 855 | 913 | -6% |
3月 | 978 | 1026 | -5% |
5月 | 623 | 672 | -7% |
7月 | 749 | 762 | -2% |
9月 | 1024 | 1097 | -7% |
11月 | 787 | 831 | -5% |
图5 LHSV变化对HDT耗氢的影响趋势注:(RH、Sprod、RH2S、RNH3、Rhids和RLCH分别代表装置总耗氢、产品硫含量、脱硫耗氢、脱氮耗氢、溶解氢气和生成轻烃耗氢)
Fig.5 The impact trend of LHSV changes on hydrogen consumption in hydrotreating units
T/(k) | P/(bar) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
周期 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | |
1月 | 644.6 | 656.8 | 520.7 | 65.0 | 68.0 | 25.0 | |
3月 | 641.7 | 665.0 | 530.0 | 65.0 | 70.8 | 27.6 | |
5月 | 660.0 | 636.5 | 511.3 | 65.5 | 68.0 | 25.0 | |
7月 | 660.0 | 644.1 | 516.8 | 66.0 | 68.0 | 25.0 | |
9月 | 616.0 | 665.0 | 519.0 | 65.0 | 71.2 | 25.9 | |
11月 | 660.0 | 665.0 | 530.8 | 65.6 | 71.8 | 25.2 |
表6 HDT优化后的操作条件
Table 6 Optimal operation conditions of hydrotreating units
T/(k) | P/(bar) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
周期 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT | |
1月 | 644.6 | 656.8 | 520.7 | 65.0 | 68.0 | 25.0 | |
3月 | 641.7 | 665.0 | 530.0 | 65.0 | 70.8 | 27.6 | |
5月 | 660.0 | 636.5 | 511.3 | 65.5 | 68.0 | 25.0 | |
7月 | 660.0 | 644.1 | 516.8 | 66.0 | 68.0 | 25.0 | |
9月 | 616.0 | 665.0 | 519.0 | 65.0 | 71.2 | 25.9 | |
11月 | 660.0 | 665.0 | 530.8 | 65.6 | 71.8 | 25.2 |
加氢精制装置氢耗/(kmol·h-1) | Total/ kmol·h-1 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
周期 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT-1 | ||||||||||
优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 总变化 | ||||
1月 | 855 | 818 | -4.28% | 1063 | 1047 | -1.54% | 385 | 235 | -39.00% | -203 | |||
3月 | 978 | 949 | -3.04% | 1022 | 1071 | 4.80% | 194 | 167 | -14.03% | -8 | |||
5月 | 623 | 591 | -5.17% | 1173 | 1124 | -4.14% | 488 | 370 | -24.06% | -198 | |||
7月 | 749 | 737 | -1.52% | 1204 | 1171 | -2.75% | 578 | 457 | -20.89% | -165 | |||
9月 | 1024 | 981 | -4.25% | 845 | 901 | 6.74% | 224 | 131 | -41.37% | -79 | |||
11月 | 787 | 770 | -2.20% | 994 | 1060 | 6.73% | 297 | 122 | -58.83% | -125 |
表7 HDT装置优化前后的氢耗
Table 7 Hydrogen consumption before and after optimizing operating conditions of hydrotreating units
加氢精制装置氢耗/(kmol·h-1) | Total/ kmol·h-1 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
周期 | DHT-1 | DHT-2 | GHT-1 | ||||||||||
优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 总变化 | ||||
1月 | 855 | 818 | -4.28% | 1063 | 1047 | -1.54% | 385 | 235 | -39.00% | -203 | |||
3月 | 978 | 949 | -3.04% | 1022 | 1071 | 4.80% | 194 | 167 | -14.03% | -8 | |||
5月 | 623 | 591 | -5.17% | 1173 | 1124 | -4.14% | 488 | 370 | -24.06% | -198 | |||
7月 | 749 | 737 | -1.52% | 1204 | 1171 | -2.75% | 578 | 457 | -20.89% | -165 | |||
9月 | 1024 | 981 | -4.25% | 845 | 901 | 6.74% | 224 | 131 | -41.37% | -79 | |||
11月 | 787 | 770 | -2.20% | 994 | 1060 | 6.73% | 297 | 122 | -58.83% | -125 |
周期 | 氢气消耗(kmol·h-1) | 成本(CNY) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
氢气成本 | 脱硫成本 | 电力成本 | 燃烧收益 | 运营成本 | ||
1月 | 2329 | 4.14E+07 | 6.17E+06 | 3.54E+06 | 1.01E+06 | 5.02E+07 |
3月 | 2812 | 5.86E+07 | 8.47E+06 | 4.27E+06 | 1.42E+06 | 7.01E+07 |
5月 | 2474 | 4.66E+07 | 6.39E+06 | 4.30E+06 | 8.81E+05 | 5.66E+07 |
7月 | 2768 | 5.70E+07 | 8.23E+06 | 4.18E+06 | 1.45E+06 | 6.82E+07 |
9月 | 2289 | 4.00E+07 | 6.17E+06 | 4.58E+06 | 7.69E+05 | 5.02E+07 |
11月 | 2399 | 4.39E+07 | 9.05E+06 | 4.44E+06 | 1.11E+06 | 5.65E+07 |
总共 | / | 2.88E+08 | 4.45E+07 | 2.52E+07 | 6.64E+06 | 3.52E+08 |
表8 各周期的氢气消耗速率和各项成本
Table 8 Hydrogen consumption and costs for each time period
周期 | 氢气消耗(kmol·h-1) | 成本(CNY) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
氢气成本 | 脱硫成本 | 电力成本 | 燃烧收益 | 运营成本 | ||
1月 | 2329 | 4.14E+07 | 6.17E+06 | 3.54E+06 | 1.01E+06 | 5.02E+07 |
3月 | 2812 | 5.86E+07 | 8.47E+06 | 4.27E+06 | 1.42E+06 | 7.01E+07 |
5月 | 2474 | 4.66E+07 | 6.39E+06 | 4.30E+06 | 8.81E+05 | 5.66E+07 |
7月 | 2768 | 5.70E+07 | 8.23E+06 | 4.18E+06 | 1.45E+06 | 6.82E+07 |
9月 | 2289 | 4.00E+07 | 6.17E+06 | 4.58E+06 | 7.69E+05 | 5.02E+07 |
11月 | 2399 | 4.39E+07 | 9.05E+06 | 4.44E+06 | 1.11E+06 | 5.65E+07 |
总共 | / | 2.88E+08 | 4.45E+07 | 2.52E+07 | 6.64E+06 | 3.52E+08 |
周期 | 新鲜氢气消耗(kmol·h-1) | 运营成本(CNY) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | |||
1月 | 2531 | 2329 | -7.98% | 5.71E+07 | 5.02E+07 | -12.14% | ||
3月 | 2825 | 2812 | -0.46% | 7.06E+07 | 7.01E+07 | -0.80% | ||
5月 | 2670 | 2474 | -7.34% | 6.32E+07 | 5.66E+07 | -10.54% | ||
7月 | 2868 | 2768 | -3.49% | 7.14E+07 | 6.82E+07 | -4.55% | ||
9月 | 2370 | 2289 | -3.42% | 5.29E+07 | 5.02E+07 | -5.17% | ||
11月 | 2526 | 2399 | -5.03% | 6.10E+07 | 5.65E+07 | -7.40% | ||
总共 | / | / | / | 3.76E+08 | 3.52E+08 | -6.55% |
表9 优化前后氢气消耗速率和总成本对比
Table 9 Comparison of hydrogen consumption and total cost before and after optimization
周期 | 新鲜氢气消耗(kmol·h-1) | 运营成本(CNY) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | 优化前 | 优化后 | 变动/% | |||
1月 | 2531 | 2329 | -7.98% | 5.71E+07 | 5.02E+07 | -12.14% | ||
3月 | 2825 | 2812 | -0.46% | 7.06E+07 | 7.01E+07 | -0.80% | ||
5月 | 2670 | 2474 | -7.34% | 6.32E+07 | 5.66E+07 | -10.54% | ||
7月 | 2868 | 2768 | -3.49% | 7.14E+07 | 6.82E+07 | -4.55% | ||
9月 | 2370 | 2289 | -3.42% | 5.29E+07 | 5.02E+07 | -5.17% | ||
11月 | 2526 | 2399 | -5.03% | 6.10E+07 | 5.65E+07 | -7.40% | ||
总共 | / | / | / | 3.76E+08 | 3.52E+08 | -6.55% |
成本(CNY) | 与原氢气网络成本对比 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
氢气成本 | 脱硫成本 | 电力成本 | 燃烧收益 | 总成本 | ||
原氢气网络模型 | 4.81E+08 | / | 2.38E+07 | 3.81E+07 | 4.68E+08 | / |
集成氢气网络模型 | 3.13E+08 | 4.47E+07 | 2.57E+07 | 6.02E+06 | 3.76E+08 | -19.53% |
优化加氢精制装置操作参数后的集成氢气网络模型 | 2.88E+08 | 4.45E+07 | 2.52E+07 | 6.64E+06 | 3.52E+08 | -24.82% |
表10 各模型的年度运营成本对比
Table 10 Comparison of annual Operational costs for each model
成本(CNY) | 与原氢气网络成本对比 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
氢气成本 | 脱硫成本 | 电力成本 | 燃烧收益 | 总成本 | ||
原氢气网络模型 | 4.81E+08 | / | 2.38E+07 | 3.81E+07 | 4.68E+08 | / |
集成氢气网络模型 | 3.13E+08 | 4.47E+07 | 2.57E+07 | 6.02E+06 | 3.76E+08 | -19.53% |
优化加氢精制装置操作参数后的集成氢气网络模型 | 2.88E+08 | 4.45E+07 | 2.52E+07 | 6.64E+06 | 3.52E+08 | -24.82% |
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