裂缝-基质双重多孔介质中油水液滴群流动及堵塞特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250938

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔介质中液滴的运移与堵塞行为是理解复杂孔隙结构中多相流体动力学的关键问题，对预测物质输运效率与调控流动至关重要。现有文献对具有显著渗透率差异的裂缝-基质双重多孔介质中液滴群动态行为的研究匮乏。本研究创新性设计了不同裂缝结构的裂缝-基质双重多孔介质微观可视化芯片，系统地研究了油水液滴群的流动和堵塞行为。明确了典型工况下双重多孔介质中单分散液滴群的运动特性，发现液滴在裂缝和基质具有截然不同的流动特性，运动速度差异达2倍。分析了多孔介质结构和液滴自身性质对液滴群运移的影响，结果表明裂缝结构参数与渗透率差异共同影响液滴群的输运特性，液滴波及范围和堵塞概率在液滴-孔隙尺寸比极端的情况下较高，且随着毛细数增大而减小，液滴堵塞体积占比最高可达到85%左右。通过分析不同液滴-孔隙尺寸比和裂缝基质渗透率差异下双重多孔介质中液滴波及状态相图，揭示了双重多孔介质中液滴群波及状态的临界控制机制，可为双重多孔介质中的流体流动研究及油田开发提供理论依据。

关键词: 多孔介质, 石油, 多相流, 微通道

Abstract:

The migration and clogging behavior of droplets in porous media is a critical issue for understanding multiphase fluid dynamics in complex pore structures, essential for predicting mass transport efficiency and regulating flow. Existing literature lacks research on the dynamic behavior of droplet populations in fracture-matrix dual-porous media with significant permeability contrasts. This study innovatively designs microfluidic visualization chips with different fracture structures for fracture-matrix dual-porous media, systematically investigating the flow and clogging behavior of oil-water droplet populations. The motion characteristics of monodisperse droplet swarms within dual porous media under typical operating conditions were clearly defined. It was revealed that droplets exhibit markedly distinct flow characteristics in fractures and the matrix. Specifically, the difference in their motion velocities can reach a factor of two. An analysis was conducted on the influence of the porous media structure and the inherent properties of the droplets on the migration of the droplet swarms. The results indicate that the structural parameters of the fractures, in conjunction with the permeability differences, jointly influence the transport characteristics of the droplet swarms. The sweep range and blockage probability of the droplets are relatively high under extreme conditions of the droplet-to-pore size ratio. Moreover, these values decrease as the capillary number increases. The proportion of the volume blocked by droplets can reach up to approximately 85% at most. By analyzing phase diagrams of droplet sweep states in dual-porosity media under varying droplet-to-pore size ratios and fracture-matrix permeability differences, the critical control mechanisms governing the sweep state of droplet populations in dual-porous media are revealed. This provides a theoretical basis for fluid flow studies in dual-porous media and oilfield development.

Key words: porous medium, petroleum, multiphase flow, microchannel

中图分类号:

TE31

陈楠, 李雨霜, 汪惟一, 温伯尧, 骆政园, 白博峰. 裂缝-基质双重多孔介质中油水液滴群流动及堵塞特性[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250938.

Nan CHEN, Yushuang LI, Weiyi WANG, Boyao WEN, Zhengyuan LUO, Bofeng BAI. Flow and clogging characteristics of oil-water droplet clusters in a dual-porous medium with both fractures and matrix[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250938.

图/表 9

图1 裂缝-基质型双重多孔介质结构示意图（以裂缝宽度为300 μm为例）

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the fracture-matrix dual-porous medium structure (taking a fracture width of 300 μm as an example)

图2 典型工况下液滴群在双重多孔介质中流动和堵塞特征图。(a) 不同时刻多孔介质中液滴群堵塞和流动图像(图中黑色点为多孔介质中的动态流动的液滴,红色点为多孔介质中堵塞的液滴); (b) 不同时刻裂缝中间和尾部的液滴流动和堵塞图像; (c) 基质和裂缝中的液滴堵塞体积占比随时间的变化; (d) 液滴流动和堵塞局部图像

Fig.2 Typical operating conditions of droplet clusters flowing and blocking in dual porous media. (a) Images of droplet clusters blocking and flowing in the porous medium at different times (the black dots in the figure represent the dynamically flowing droplets in the porous medium, and the red dots represent the blocked droplets in the porous medium); (b) Images of droplet flow and blocking in the middle and tail of the fractures at different times; (c) Changes in the proportion of droplet blocking volume in the matrix and fractures over time; (d) Local images of droplet flow and blocking

图3 不同时刻双重多孔介质内速度变化特征图。(a) 整个多孔介质内速度变化云图，包括流动初期t/tm = 0.4; 流动中期t/tm = 0.8; 流动后期t/tm= 1.2; 图中vd /vf 相对速度，即液滴速度vd 与流体平均速度vf 之比; (b) t/tm = 0.5时裂缝于基质中速度概率密度函数; (c) t/tm = 1时裂缝于基质中速度概率密度函数

Fig.3 Characteristics of velocity changes in the dual porous medium at different times. (a) Velocity change cloud map of the entire porous medium, including the initial flow stage t/tm = 0.4; the middle flow stage t/tm = 0.8; the later flow stage t/tm = 1.2; the relative velocity vd /vf in the figure, which is the ratio of droplet velocity vd to the average velocity vf of the fluid; (b) Probability density function of velocity of fractures within the matrix at t/tm = 0.5; (c) Probability density function of velocity of fractures within the matrix at t/tm = 1

图4 不同裂缝结构下液滴在双重多孔介质中的堵塞和波及特性。(a) 裂缝宽度为200 μm液滴群在多孔介质中的流动和堵塞分布图像; (b) 裂缝宽度为200 μm液滴群在局部孔隙中的流动和堵塞动态演变; (c) 裂缝宽度为600 μm液滴群在多孔介质中的流动和堵塞分布图像; (d) 裂缝宽度为600 μm液滴群在局部孔隙中的流动和堵塞动态演变

Fig.4 The blocking and propagation characteristics of droplets in a dual porous medium under different fracture structures. (a) Flow and blocking distribution images of droplet clusters with a fracture width of 200 μm in the porous medium; (b) Dynamic evolution of flow and blocking of droplet clusters with a fracture width of 200 μm in the local pores; (c) Flow and blocking distribution images of droplet clusters with a fracture width of 600 μm in the porous medium; (d) Dynamic evolution of flow and blocking of droplet clusters with a fracture width of 600 μm in the local pores

图5 不同裂缝结构下液滴在双重多孔介质中的堵塞特性，b表示裂缝宽度。(a) 不同裂缝宽度下液滴在基质中的堵塞体积随时间的变化曲线；(b) 不同裂缝宽度下液滴在裂缝中的堵塞体积随时间的变化曲线

Fig.5 The clogging characteristics of droplets in dual-porosity media under different fracture structures, where b represents the fracture width. (a) The variation curve of the clogging volume of droplets in the matrix with time under different fracture widths; (b) The variation curve of the clogging volume of droplets in the fractures with time under different fracture widths

图6 不同基质孔隙率下液滴在双重多孔介质中的运移和堵特性。(a) ϕm = 36.3%时液滴的流动分布和动态变化图像; (b) ϕm = 24.1%时液滴的流动分布和局部堵塞图像; (c) 液滴在基质中的堵塞体积随时间的变化; (d) 液滴在裂缝中的堵塞体积随时间的变化

Fig.6 Migration and plugging characteristics of droplets in dual-porosity media under different matrix porosities. (a) Flow distribution and dynamic change images of droplets when ϕm = 36.3%; (b) Flow distribution and local plugging images of droplets when ϕm = 24.1%; (c) Changes in the plugging volume of droplets in the matrix over time; (d) Changes in the plugging volume of droplets in fractures over time

图7 不同rd/rp、Ca条件下液滴在双重多孔介质中的流动和堵塞分布图像。(a) 不同液滴-孔隙尺寸比下液滴群流动与堵塞; (b) 不同毛细数下液滴群流动与堵塞

Fig.7 Images of droplet flow and blockage distribution in a dual porous medium under different rd /rp and Ca conditions. (a) Droplet group flow and blockage under different droplet-pore size ratios; (b) Droplet group flow and blockage under different capillary numbers

图8 不同液rd /rp 和Ca下液滴在双重多孔介质中的堵塞特性。(a) 不同液滴-孔隙尺寸比下液滴在裂缝和基质堵塞特性; (b) 不同毛细数下液滴在裂缝和基质中的堵塞特性

Fig.8 The blocking characteristics of droplets in dual porous media under different rd /rp . (a) Blocking characteristics of droplets in fractures and matrix under different droplet-pore size ratios; (b) Blocking characteristics of droplets in fractures and matrix under different Ca

图9 不同条件下双重多孔介质中液滴的波及状态相图。(a) 不同液滴-孔隙尺寸比的液滴群波及面积占比随裂缝与基质渗透率差异的变化规律; (b) 液滴在双重多孔介质中的波及状态相图（变裂缝宽度范围内基质孔隙率为51.1%，变基质孔隙率范围内裂缝宽度为600 µm）

Fig.9 Phase diagram of droplet sweep states in dual porous media under different conditions. (a) Variation of the sweep area ratio of droplet groups with different droplet-pore size ratios as a function of the permeability difference between fractures and matrix; (b) Phase diagram of droplet sweep states in dual porous media (with a matrix porosity of 51.1% within the variable fracture width range, and a fracture width of 600 µm within the variable matrix porosity range)

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