超高压阀弹簧蓄能密封圈密封性能仿真优化研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250946

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对页岩油压裂作业中单井压裂段增加，对压裂阀的密封性能提出更高的要求。本文对压裂阀上的弹簧蓄能密封圈（泛塞封）进行105MPa压力下的仿真模拟，提出了基于接触压力大小和密封线长度的泛塞封密封性能评价方法，揭示了关键参数对密封性能的影响机制并优化结构参数。研究表明：仿真模型中有、无弹簧对超高压下泛塞封的密封性能影响小于2%；预压缩量对超高压下泛塞封的密封性能影响很小，但会显著增大泛塞封的等效应力，建议在满足磨损补偿前提下采用最小预压缩量；优化后的多唇口泛塞封密封性能显著提高，与单唇口相比最大接触压力提升32%，密封线长度增加93%。现场应用表明，优化后的泛塞封使用寿命提升2.8倍，作业中断率从18%降至3.2%。

关键词: 超高压, 弹簧蓄能密封圈, 密封性能, 结构优化, 接触压力, 密封线

Abstract:

With the increase in the number of fracturing stages per well in shale oil operations, higher demands are placed on the sealing performance of fracturing valves. This study performs a simulation of spring-energized seals (V-rings) on fracturing valves under 105 MPa pressure. An evaluation method for the sealing performance of spring-energized seals is proposed based on contact pressure and sealing line length, the influence mechanism of key parameters on sealing performance is revealed, and structural parameters are optimized. The results indicate that in the simulation model, the presence or absence of a spring has less than a 2% impact on the sealing performance of the V-ring under ultra-high pressure. Pre-compression has a minimal effect on the sealing performance under ultra-high pressure but significantly increases the equivalent stress of the V-ring. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt the minimum pre-compression that satisfies wear compensation requirements. The optimized multi-lip V-ring exhibits significantly enhanced sealing performance, with a 32% increase in maximum contact pressure and a 93% increase in sealing line length compared to the single-lip design. Field applications show that the optimized V-ring achieves a 2.8-fold increase in service life, reducing operational interruption rates from 18% to 3.2%.

Key words: ultra-high pressure, spring-energized seal, sealing performance, structural optimization, contact pressure, sealing line

中图分类号:

TE934

叶卫东, 董昊然, 冯子豪, 李大奇, 傅青云. 超高压阀弹簧蓄能密封圈密封性能仿真优化研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250946.

Weidong YE, Haoran DONG, Zihao FENG, Daqi LI, Qingyun FU. Study on sealing performance optimization of spring-energized seals for ultra-high pressure valves[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250946.

图/表 18

图1 压裂阀结构

Fig.1 Structure of the fracturing valve

图2 泛塞封结构尺寸

Fig.2 Structural dimensions of the spring-energized seal

图3 泛塞封密封仿真有限元模型

Fig.3 Finite Element Model for Sealing Simulation of Spring-Energized Seals

表1 泛塞封密封圈材料性能参数

Tab.1 Material Performance Parameters of Spring-Energized Seal

结构

材料

弹性

模量/

GPa

泊松比

屈服

强度/

MPa

抗压

强度/

MPa

切线

模量/

MPa

泛塞封密封环

碳纤维增强

聚四氟乙烯

表2 网格无关性验证结果

Tab.2 Results of Mesh Independence Verification

网格	总位移/mm	等效应力/MPa	接触压力/MPa
0.2mm	1.4784	52.472	119.83
0.1mm	1.4821	54.127	121.92
0.05mm	1.4807	54.078	122.51

图4 泛塞封计算云图

Fig. 4 Calculation Cloud Diagram of Spring-Energized Seals

图5 泛塞封接触压力

Fig.5 Contact Pressure of Spring-Energized Seals

图6 泛塞封无弹簧模拟云图及曲线

Fig.6 Simulation Cloud Diagram and Curve of Spring-Energized Seal Without Spring

表3 泛塞封有、无弹簧模拟结果

Tab.3 Simulation Results of Spring-Energized Seals With and Without Spring

	最大变形/mm	最大等效应力/MPa	最大接触压力/MPa
有弹簧	1.4805	54.045	122.76
无弹簧	1.5098	53.568	121.25

图7 有无预压缩量模拟云图及曲线

Fig.7 Simulation Cloud Diagrams and Curves with and without Pre-compression

表4 有无预压缩量模拟结果

Tab.4 Simulation Results with and without Pre-compression

	最大变形/mm	最大等效应力/MPa	最大接触压力/MPa
无预压缩	1.7534	34.611	113.88
0.5mm预压缩	1.4211	60.710	106.82

图8 不同尺寸单唇口泛塞封结构图

Fig.8 Structural Diagrams of Single-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

图9 不同尺寸单唇口泛塞封接触压力云图及曲线图

Fig.9 Contact Pressure Cloud Diagrams and Curves of Single-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

图10 不同尺寸双唇口泛塞封结构图

Fig.10 Structural Diagrams of Double-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

图11 不同尺寸双唇口泛塞封接触压力云图及曲线图

Fig.11 Contact Pressure Cloud Diagrams and Curves of Double-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

图12 不同尺寸多唇口泛塞封结构图

Fig.12 Structural Diagrams of Multi-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

图13 不同尺寸多唇口泛塞封仿真云图

Fig.13 Simulation Cloud Diagrams of Multi-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

图14 不同尺寸多唇口泛塞封接触压力曲线图

Fig.14 Contact Pressure Distribution Curves of Multi-Lip Spring-Energized Seals with Different Sizes

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