液液两相湍流中的统计特性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251370

化工学报

• •

液液两相湍流中的统计特性分析

苏敬宏¹(), 张亿宝², 孙超²^,³(), 王军武¹^,⁴()

^1.中国石油大学（北京）机械与储运工程学院，北京 102249
^2.清华大学能源与动力工程系，热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室，燃烧能源中心，新基石科学实验室，北京 100084
^3.清华大学航天航空学院工程力学系，北京 100084
^4.深层地热富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，中国石油大学（北京），北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-12-05 修回日期:2026-01-13 出版日期:2026-01-21
通讯作者: 孙超,王军武
作者简介:苏敬宏（1992—），男，博士，讲师，jhsu@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(12402299);国家自然科学基金项目(12588201);国家自然科学基金项目(12402298);中国石油大学（北京）科研基金项目(2462025YJRC012)

Statistical characteristic analysis in turbulent emulsions

Jinghong SU¹(), Yi-Bao ZHANG², Chao SUN²^,³(), Junwu WANG¹^,⁴()

^1.College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
^2.New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
^3.Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-12-05 Revised:2026-01-13 Online:2026-01-21
Contact: Chao SUN, Junwu WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由两种互不相溶的液体相互掺混形成的液液两相湍流系统在自然界中广泛存在，并在石油与化工等领域具有重要应用。两相界面和湍流流动之间存在多尺度的耦合作用，这使得两相湍流内的流体动力学行为比单相湍流更为复杂。本文采用界面解析的流体体积法对泰勒-库埃特系统内的液液两相湍流进行了三维直接数值模拟，研究了不同流体性质的离散液滴对湍流统计特性的影响。研究发现，当两相具有相同密度与黏度时，离散液滴将增强湍流脉动的角动量输运能力并对湍流脉动分布产生调制，具体表现为增强内外圆柱附近湍流脉动而削弱远离内外圆柱区域的湍流脉动。离散液滴密度的降低以及离散液滴黏度的进一步降低都倾向于削弱湍流脉动的强度和角动量输运能力。而对于泰勒涡结构，离散液滴的存在始终倾向于削弱泰勒涡的角动量输运能力和强度。相关研究结果有助于深入理解液液两相湍流中离散相对湍流的影响。

关键词: 两相流, 湍流, 数值模拟, 流体体积法, 湍流调制

Abstract:

Turbulent emulsions refer to dispersion systems formed by two immiscible liquid components (e.g., oil and water) within turbulent flows. These systems are widely encountered in nature and find significant applications in the petroleum and chemical industries. Turbulent flows contain many strongly coupled degrees of freedom, and there are multiscale coupling effects between the two-phase interface and turbulent flow, making turbulent emulsions more complex compared to single-phase turbulence. In this paper, three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of turbulent emulsions within the Taylor–Couette system are carried out using the interface-resolved volume-of-fluid method to investigate the effect of dispersed droplets with different fluid properties on the turbulent characteristics. It is found that when two phases possess identical density and viscosity, dispersed droplets will enhance the angular momentum transport capacity of turbulent fluctuations and modulate their distribution. This manifests as an increase in turbulent fluctuations near the inner and outer cylinders, and a decrease in regions farther away. A reduction in dispersed-phase density and a further reduction in dispersed-phase viscosity both tend to weaken the angular momentum transport capacity and intensity of turbulent fluctuations. For the Taylor vortex, the presence of dispersed droplets consistently tends to weaken both its intensity and angular momentum transport capability. The related findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the effect of dispersed phase in turbulent emulsions.

Key words: two-phase flow, turbulent flow, numerical simulation, volume-of-fluid method, turbulence modulation

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

苏敬宏, 张亿宝, 孙超, 王军武. 液液两相湍流中的统计特性分析[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251370.

Jinghong SU, Yi-Bao ZHANG, Chao SUN, Junwu WANG. Statistical characteristic analysis in turbulent emulsions[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251370.

图/表 6

图1 泰勒-库埃特两相湍流计算模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the two-phase Taylor-Couette turbulence computational model

图2 不同情况下平均方位角速度uθθ,t/ui的分布云图:（a）单相情况，（b）离散相为中性液滴的两相情况，（c）离散相为轻液滴的两相情况，（d）离散相为低黏度轻液滴的两相情况。

Fig.2 Contour map of averaged azimuthal velocity uθθ,t/ui under different conditions: (a) single-phase case, (b) two-phase case with neutral buoyant droplets, (c) two-phase case with light droplets, (d) two-phase case with low-viscosity light droplets.

图3 角动量通量及其贡献项沿径向位置的分布:（a）单相情况，（b）离散相为中性液滴的两相情况，（c）离散相为轻液滴的两相情况，（d）离散相为低黏度轻液滴的两相情况。

Fig.3 Distribution of the angular momentum flux and its contribution terms in the radial direction: (a) single-phase case, (b) two-phase case with neutral buoyant droplets, (c) two-phase case with light droplets, (d) two-phase case with low-viscosity light droplets.

图4 对流贡献项分析：（a）平均场、（b）湍流脉动和（c）泰勒涡的贡献沿径向位置的分布。图（d）将对流贡献项及其三个子项在径向上进行了平均，以表征各项在整个系统内的均值。灰色虚线表示单相湍流情况下的均值。所有量均除以单相湍流情况下的角动量通量Jφ=0ω以便进行更直观地对比分析。图（a）的纵坐标最大值被设定为0.01，而图（b-d）的纵坐标最大值被设定为1.0。

Fig.4 Advection contribution analysis. The contributions from (a) the mean field, (b) the turbulence fluctuation, and (c) the Taylor vortex are shown as a function of the radial position. (d) The whole advection contribution and its three parts are averaged in the radial direction to characterize the corresponding total amount within the whole system. The gray dashed lines in (d) represent the averaged values for single-phase flow. All quantities are normalized by the conserved quantity Jφ=0ω. The maximum value of the ordinate of (a) is set as 0.01, while the maximum value of the ordinate of (b-d) is set as 1.0.

图5 离散液滴对湍流脉动的调制。图中分别显示了以下各分量随径向位置的变化：（a） ρuθtuθt（b） ρurturt，（c）ρuztuzt以及（d）湍流脉动的动能 kt=0.5ρuθtuθt+ρurturt+ρuztuzt。所有量均除以单相湍流下内圆柱上的剪切应力τi, φ=0进行无量纲化。

Fig.5 The modulation on the turbulence-induced vortices. The components (a) ρuθtuθt, (b) ρurturt, (c) ρuztuzt, and (d) the kinetic energy of turbulence fluctuation kt=0.5ρuθtuθt+ρurturt+ρuztuzt are shown as a function of the radial position. The quantities are non-dimensionalized by the shear stress τi, φ=0 at the inner cylinder in single-phase flow.

图6 离散液滴对泰勒涡强度的调制。图中分别显示了以下各分量沿径向位置的变化：（a） ρuθTuθT（b） ρurTurT，（c）ρuzTuzT以及（d）泰勒涡的动能kT=0.5ρuθTuθT+ρurTurT+ρuzTuzT。所有量均除以单相流中内圆柱壁面剪切应力τi, φ=0进行无量纲化。

Fig.6 The modulation on the Taylor vortex. The components (a) ρuθTuθT, (b) ρurTurT, (c) ρuzTuzT, and (d) the kinetic energy of Taylor vortex kT=0.5ρuθTuθT+ρurTurT+ρuzTuzT are shown as a function of the radial position. The quantities are non-dimensionalized by the shear stress τi, φ=0 at the inner cylinder in single-phase flow.

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液液两相湍流中的统计特性分析

Statistical characteristic analysis in turbulent emulsions

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