Study on the heat collection performance of water-based carbon black nanofluid under swirling flow

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230825

Abstract

Abstract:

Active reinforcement technology is an effective means to improve the efficiency of heat collectors. This study systematically investigated the effects of irradiation intensity, nanofluid concentration, rotor speed, number and arrangement of rotors, rotor color and type on the heat collection performance of water-based carbon black nanofluids under the action of swirling flow using a tubular active enhanced heat collection device. The results show that the photothermal conversion efficiency significantly increases with the increase of irradiation intensity. The addition of carbon black collagen protein increased the full range photothermal conversion efficiency of the medium by 56.6% to 216.7% during the same time period. The water-based carbon black nanofluid with a mass fraction of 0.005% had the highest photothermal conversion efficiency and higher energy efficiency ratio. At a rotor speed of 150 r/min, the full range photothermal conversion efficiency ultimately increased by 30.32%, and further increasing the rotor speed will not increase the heat collection efficiency of the nanofluid. When the rotors are evenly arranged, reducing the number of rotors by half will hardly affect the heat collection efficiency. The combination of rotor color and type has a synergistic effect on the heat collection efficiency of different concentrations of nanoluids. Black low flow resistance rotors have better heat collection effects in pure water and high concentration nanofluids, while the two white blade rotors have better heat collection effects in medium and low concentration nanofluids. This study clarifies the rules that affect the heat collection performance of nanofluid under rotor swirling flow, and provides new ideas for solar photothermal utilization.

Key words: assembled rotors, dynamic heat collection, nanoparticles, heat transfer, radiation

摘要：

主动强化技术是提升集热器效率的有效手段。本研究利用管式有源强化集热装置，系统研究了旋流作用下辐照强度、纳米流体浓度、转子转速、转子数量及排布方式、转子颜色及类型等对水基炭黑纳米流体集热性能的影响。结果表明，光热转换效率随辐照强度的增加而显著增加；炭黑-胶原蛋白的加入使介质同时间段的全程光热转换效率提升了56.6%~216.7%，质量分数为0.005%的水基炭黑纳米流体光热转换效率最高的同时能效比也较高；转子转速在150 r/min时，全程光热转换效率最终提升了30.32%，继续提升转子转速不会增加纳米流体的集热效率；转子均匀排布时，将转子数量减少一半几乎不会影响集热效率；转子颜色及类型的搭配对不同浓度的纳米流体集热效率具有协同作用，黑色低流阻转子在纯水及高浓度纳米流体中集热效果较好，白色两叶片转子在中低浓度的纳米流体中集热效果较好。本研究明确了转子旋流下影响纳米流体集热性能的规律，为太阳能光热利用提供了新的思路。

关键词: 组合转子, 动态集热, 纳米粒子, 传热, 辐射

CLC Number:

TK 512

Xiaoyu YU, Ying AN, Xiahua ZUO, Kai LI, Fenghua ZHANG, Zhiwei JIAO, Weimin YANG. Study on the heat collection performance of water-based carbon black nanofluid under swirling flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(10): 4097-4108.

于晓宇, 安瑛, 左夏华, 李凯, 张锋华, 焦志伟, 杨卫民. 旋流作用下水基炭黑纳米流体集热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4097-4108.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Tubular active reinforced heat collector

Table 1 Error range of experimental parameters

参数	误差
辐照强度	±1%
温度	±0.5%
纳米流体质量	±0.1%
管内集热面积	±0.25%
纳米流体比热容	±0.1%

Table 2 Power consumption at different rotor speeds

转速/（r/min）	空转（不添加纳米流体）功率消耗/W	负荷运转（添加纳米流体）功率消耗/W
0	0	0
100	0.70	0.75
150	0.80	0.85
200	0.85	0.90
250	0.95	1.00

Fig.2 Time dependent absorbance curve of water-based carbon black nanofluid

Fig.3 The absorbance of water-based carbon black nanofluids with different concentrations in the wavelength range of 190—1100 nm

Fig.4 Structure diagram of two types of rotor strings

Fig.5 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency under different irradiation intensities

Fig.6 Energy efficiency ratio under different irradiation intensities

Fig.7 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency under different nanofluid concentrations

Fig.8 Energy efficiency ratio at different nanofluid concentrations

Fig.9 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency at different rotor speeds

Fig.10 Energy efficiency ratio at different rotor speeds

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of seven layout methods for N0—N6

Fig.12 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency under different number and arrangement of rotors

Fig.13 Energy efficiency ratio under different number and arrangement of rotors

Fig.14 Temperature rise of different types of rotors in different concentrations of nanofluids

Fig.15 The full range photothermal conversion efficiency of different types of rotors in different concentrations of nanofluids

Fig.16 Energy efficiency ratio of different types of rotors in different concentrations of nanofluids

References 32

1	Saha S K, Ranjan H, Emani M S, et al. Active and passive techniques: their applications[M]// Introduction to Enhanced Heat Transfer. Cham: Springer, 2020: 17-72.
2	Baffigi F, Bartoli C. Heat transfer enhancement using ultrasonic waves in presence of liquid: a basic research for cooling electronic[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 464: 163-170.
3	Liang H X, Su R H, Huang W M, et al. A novel spectral beam splitting photovoltaic/thermal hybrid system based on semi-transparent solar cell with serrated groove structure for co-generation of electricity and high-grade thermal energy[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 252: 115049.
4	Yenigun O, Barisik M. Local heat transfer control using liquid dielectrophoresis at graphene/water interfaces[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021, 166: 120801.
5	臧徐忠, 石尔, 傅俊萍, 等. 磁场调控磁性纳米流体流动和传热研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(12): 5410-5419.
	Zang X Z, Shi E, Fu J P, et al. A review of magnetic field effects on flow and heat transfer in magnetic nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(12): 5410-5419.
6	Bezaatpour M, Goharkhah M. Convective heat transfer enhancement in a double pipe mini heat exchanger by magnetic field induced swirling flow[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 167(C): 114801.
7	Chen H B, Zhao R, Wang C C, et al. Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated phase change materials for solar heat collection[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(15): 5354.
8	Kong W B, Lei Y, Jiang Y Y, et al. Preparation and thermal performance of polyurethane/PEG as novel form-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017, 130(2): 1011-1019.
9	郭广东, 邓松圣, 华卫星. 基于Fluent的动态旋流器流场计算机模拟仿真[J]. 计算机系统应用, 2013, 22(9): 199-202.
	Guo G D, Deng S S, Hua W X. Computer simulation of flow field of dynamic cyclone based on Fluent[J]. Computer Systems and Applications, 2013, 22(9): 199-202.
10	王小川, 贺国, 郭朝有, 等. 旋流强度对气/雾两相传热传质的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2013, 47(11): 1767-1772.
	Wang X C, He G, Guo C Y, et al. Effect of swirl intensity on heat and mass transfer in gas-droplets two-phase flow[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2013, 47(11): 1767-1772.
11	胡建军, 郭萌, 张广秋, 等. 利用旋流效应强化平板型太阳能空气集热器性能[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(6): 188-195.
	Hu J J, Guo M, Zhang G Q, et al. Improving the heat collection performance of baffle type solar air collectors using swirl flow effect[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(6): 188-195.
12	Fan X J, He C X, Gan L, et al. Experimental study of swirling flow characteristics in a semi cylinder vortex cooling configuration[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2020, 113: 110036.
13	张岱凌, 丁玉梅, 左夏华, 等. 废弃墨粉纳米流体的光热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4791-4798.
	Zhang D L, Ding Y M, Zuo X H, et al. Photothermal properties of waste toner nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4791-4798.
14	仇延钊, 吴红艳, 杭烨超, 等. 少层石墨烯纳米流体的球磨法制备及其导热性能[J/OL]. 华中师范大学学报(自然科学版), .
	Qiu Y Z, Wu H Y, Hang Y C, et al. Preparation and thermal conductivity of low-layer graphene nanofluids by ball milling[J/OL]. Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Science Edition), .
15	孙恩博, 陈今茂, 熊春华, 等. 纳米流体稳定性及其导热性能研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2021, 36(5): 61-65.
	Sun E B, Chen J M, Xiong C H, et al. Research on the stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2021, 36(5): 61-65.
16	于丽, 卞永宁, 刘杨, 等. 低浓度水基多壁碳纳米管纳米流体的流变特性[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(22): 22010-22014, 22019.
	Yu L, Bian Y N, Liu Y, et al. Rheological characteristics of low concentrated MWCNT/water nanofluids[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(22): 22010-22014, 22019.
17	陈红兵, 李思琦, 王聪聪, 等. 添加TiO₂纳米颗粒和分散剂的相变流体黏度实验研究[J]. 功能材料, 2019, 50(12): 12103-12107.
	Chen H B, Li S Q, Wang C C, et al. Experimental study on viscosity of PCM slurry by adding TiO₂ nanoparticles and dispersant[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2019, 50(12): 12103-12107.
18	欧阳鑫望, 吴张永, 莫子勇, 等. 水基纳米TiN流体黏度及流变特性的研究[J]. 材料导报, 2015, 29(8): 83-86.
	Ouyang X W, Wu Z Y, Mo Z Y, et al. Study on viscosity and rheological properties of water-based nano TiN fluids[J]. Materials Review, 2015, 29(8): 83-86.
19	张正国, 燕志鹏, 方晓明, 等. 纳米技术在强化传热中应用的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2011, 30(1): 34-39.
	Zhang Z G, Yan Z P, Fang X M, et al. Research development of applications of nanotechnology in heat transfer enhancement[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2011, 30(1): 34-39.
20	陈梅洁. Au 纳米流体的制备及其光热转换特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
	Chen M J. Preparation of Au nanofluids and their photothermal conversion characteristics[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016.
21	陈梅洁, 唐天琪, 刘子玉, 等. 等离激元Ag纳米流体光热转换特性[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2018, 35(2): 222-226.
	Chen M J, Tang T Q, Liu Z Y, et al. Investigating on photothermal conversion properties of plasmonic Ag nanofluids[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018, 35(2): 222-226.
22	李凯, 魏鹤琳, 左夏华, 等. 水基炭黑-胶原蛋白纳米流体制备及稳定性实验研究[J]. 化工进展, DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0561 .
	Li K, Wei H L, Zuo X H, et al. Experimental study on preparation and stability of water-based carbon black-collagen nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0561 .
23	Zuo X H, Yang W M, Song L J, et al. Experimental investigation on photothermal conversion properties of collagen solution-based carbon black nanofluid[J]. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022, 38: 102371.
24	周玲. 油基纳米流体的光热转换性能研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2016.
	Zhou L. Study on photothermal conversion performance of oil-based nanofluids[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2016.
25	王德兵. 磁性光热纳米流体集热工质的制备及性能研究[D]. 上海: 上海第二工业大学, 2020.
	Wang D B. Preparation and properties of magnetic photothermal nanofluid heat collector[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, 2020.
26	王旭. 液体吸附层对固/液界面热阻影响的数值与理论研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2016.
	Wang X. Numerical and theoretical study on the effect of liquid adsorption layer on the thermal resistance of solid/liquid interface[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2016.
27	何立臣, 关昌峰, 何长江, 等. 同比例大小径转子组合的强化传热实验[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(11): 2873-2877.
	He L C, Guan C F, He C J, et al. Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement of assembled rotors of large and small diameters of same ratio[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2014, 33(11): 2873-2877.
28	何长江, 杨斯博, 张震, 等. 组合转子强化传热及阻垢装置稳定性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(8): 1970-1973, 1978.
	He C J, Yang S B, Zhang Z, et al. Stability analysis on heat transfer enhancement and anti-fouling device called rotor-assembled strands[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2014, 33(8): 1970-1973, 1978.
29	蒋晨, 丁玉梅, 张震, 等. 内置组合转子换热管综合传热性能的数值模拟研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2013(12): 164-167.
	Jiang C, Ding Y M, Zhang Z, et al. Numerical simulation research of the comprehensive heat transfer performance of tubes with rotor assembly inserts[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2013(12): 164-167.
30	黎昊为, 左夏华, 张岱凌, 等. 内置转子太阳能集热管流动与传热特性的数值模拟研究[J]. 北京化工大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 50(2): 89-96.
	Li H W, Zuo X H, Zhang D L, et al. Numerical simulation of the boiling heat transfer performance of a solar collector tube with inserted rotors[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 50(2): 89-96.
31	贾雨川. 内置组合转子管式光生物反应器光照特性研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2018.
	Jia Y C. Research on illumination characteristics of tubular photobioreactor with built-in composite rotor[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2018.
32	王晗, 杨卫民, 何立臣, 等. 单元组合转子管式太阳能动态集热器实验研究[J]. 现代化工, 2018, 38(2): 177-180.
	Wang H, Yang W M, He L C, et al. Experimental research on tubular solar dynamic heat collector with unit combined rotor[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2018, 38(2): 177-180.

[1]	Shuangxing ZHANG, Fangchen LIU, Yifei ZHANG, Wenjing DU. Experimental study on phase change heat storage and release performance of R-134a pulsating heat pipe [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 165-171.
[2]	Yifei ZHANG, Fangchen LIU, Shuangxing ZHANG, Wenjing DU. Performance analysis of printed circuit heat exchanger for supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[3]	Aiqiang CHEN, Yanqi DAI, Yue LIU, Bin LIU, Hanming WU. Influence of substrate temperature on HFE7100 droplet evaporation process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 191-197.
[4]	Mingxi LIU, Yanpeng WU. Simulation analysis of effect of diameter and length of light pipes on heat transfer [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 206-212.
[5]	Zhiguo WANG, Meng XUE, Yushuang DONG, Tianzhen ZHANG, Xiaokai QIN, Qiang HAN. Numerical simulation and analysis of geothermal rock mass heat flow coupling based on fracture roughness characterization method [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[6]	Cheng CHENG, Zhongdi DUAN, Haoran SUN, Haitao HU, Hongxiang XUE. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of surface microstructure effect on crystallization fouling [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 74-86.
[7]	Yitong LI, Hang GUO, Hao CHEN, Fang YE. Study on operating conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with non-uniform catalyst distributions [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3831-3840.
[8]	Yubing WANG, Jie LI, Hongbo ZHAN, Guangya ZHU, Dalin ZHANG. Experimental study on flow boiling heat transfer of R134a in mini channel with diamond pin fin array [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3797-3806.
[9]	Ke LI, Jian WEN, Biping XIN. Study on influence mechanism of vacuum multi-layer insulation coupled with vapor-cooled shield on self-pressurization process of liquid hydrogen storage tank [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3786-3796.
[10]	Cong QI, Zi DING, Jie YU, Maoqing TANG, Lin LIANG. Study on solar thermoelectric power generation characteristics based on selective absorption nanofilm [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3921-3930.
[11]	Yue YANG, Dan ZHANG, Jugan ZHENG, Maoping TU, Qingzhong YANG. Experimental study on flash and mixing evaporation of aqueous NaCl solution [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3279-3291.
[12]	Tianhua CHEN, Zhaoxuan LIU, Qun HAN, Chengbin ZHANG, Wenming LI. Research progress and influencing factors of the heat transfer enhancement of spray cooling [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3149-3170.
[13]	Rubin ZENG, Zhongjie SHEN, Qinfeng LIANG, Jianliang XU, Zhenghua DAI, Haifeng LIU. Study of the sintering mechanism of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles based on molecular dynamics simulation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3353-3365.
[14]	Rui HONG, Baoqiang YUAN, Wenjing DU. Analysis on mechanism of heat transfer deterioration of supercritical carbon dioxide in vertical upward tube [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[15]	Hai WANG, Hong LIN, Chen WANG, Haojie XU, Lei ZUO, Junfeng WANG. Investigation of enhanced boiling heat transfer on porous structural surfaces by high voltage electric field [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2869-2879.