Battery thermal management performance simulation based on composite phase change material

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240229

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous development of energy storage technology, lithium-ion batteries are widely applied in electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other fields due to their high energy density. However, the performance of lithium-ion batteries is significantly affected by temperature, either too high or too low temperature will affect its performance and the suitable operating temperature of the batteries is 25—45℃, so battery thermal management is indispensable. The thermal management technology based on phase change material has the advantages of good temperature uniformity and no need for additional energy input, thus has attracted widespread attention from researchers. The influence of the geometry of the composite phase change material (CPCM) structure was investigated using finite element method on the thermal management performance for the typical prismatic battery in this work. The simulation results showed that CPCM with better thermal conductivity had a stronger heat dissipation effect when used in battery thermal management. When the amount of phase change material was the same, the temperature distribution of the cylindrical structure was more uniform and had better thermal management performance.

Key words: battery thermal management, thermal management structure, composite phase change material, numerical simulation

摘要：

随着储能技术的不断发展，锂离子电池由于具有高能量密度的优点被广泛应用于电动新能源汽车、新能源储能系统等领域。然而，锂离子电池的性能受温度影响较大，温度过高或者温度过低都会影响其性能，因此对锂离子电池进行高效热管理研究具有实际意义。相变材料热管理技术具有温度均匀性好和无须额外能量输入等优点，受到了研究者们的广泛关注。本文以典型方形电池为研究对象，基于有限元方法，探究相变材料热管理系统几何形状对电池热管理热性能的影响。研究结果表明，相变材料用量相同时，圆柱形结构温度分布更加均匀，具有更好的热管理性能。

关键词: 电池热管理, 热管理系统, 复合相变材料, 数值模拟

CLC Number:

O 551.3

Zhangzhou WANG, Tianqi TANG, Jiajun XIA, Yurong HE. Battery thermal management performance simulation based on composite phase change material[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(S1): 329-338.

汪张洲, 唐天琪, 夏嘉俊, 何玉荣. 基于复合相变材料的电池热管理性能模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 329-338.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Thermophysical parameters of the battery[23]

Table 1 Thermophysical parameters of CPCM［26-27］

样品	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/(J/(kg·K))	热导率/(W/(m·K))	相变温度/℃	相变潜热/(kJ/kg)
CPCM-1	950	2100	0.26	44.2	151.1
CPCM-2	900	2122	1.90	42.3	198.5

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional geometric model

Fig.3 Model verification

Fig.4 Grid independence verification

Fig.5 Battery voltage and current

Fig.6 Temperature distribution cloud diagram of square structure at different times

Fig.7 Average temperature rise of battery in square thermal management structure at different times

Fig.8 Temperature distribution cloud diagram of cylindrical structure at different times

Fig.9 Average temperature rise of battery of cylindrical thermal management structure at different times

Fig.10 Average temperature rise of battery of cylindrical thermal management structure with different CPCM thicknesses at different times

Fig.11 Effect of different CPCM thicknesses on thermal management performance

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