Precision construction and application of separation membranes based on confined mass transfer mechanism

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240639

Abstract

Abstract:

The sub-nanometer high-precision separation of molecules/ions by confined mass transfer separation membranes is a hot topic and difficulty in the current membrane research field. Clarifying the confined mass transfer effect within the membrane, forming a common mass transfer mechanism and manipulation methods, is a key way to break through the trade-off effect and achieve extraordinary membrane separation performance. This article reviews the research progresses of confined mass transfer separation membranes in recent years from three aspects: the construction of confined mass transfer channels, the confined mass transfer mechanism, and the application of confined mass transfer separation membranes. The future development direction of confined mass transfer separation membranes has also been proposed, which is expected to provide reference for the design and application of high-performance membrane materials.

Key words: confined mass transfer, sub-nanometer channels, membrane, separation, transport

摘要：

限域传质分离膜面向分子/离子的亚纳米尺度高精度分离，是目前国内外膜领域研究的热点和难点。厘清膜内的限域传质效应，形成共性传质机制及调控方法，是突破trade-off效应，实现超常膜分离性能的关键途径。从限域传质通道构筑、限域传质机理及限域传质分离膜应用三个方面入手，对限域传质分离膜近年来的研究进展进行举例介绍与讨论，并对限域传质分离膜的未来发展方向进行了思考与展望，以期为高性能膜材料的设计与应用提供参考。

关键词: 限域传质, 亚纳米通道, 膜, 分离, 传递

CLC Number:

TQ 028.8

Jing ZHAO, Gongping LIU, Wanqin JIN, Nanping XU. Precision construction and application of separation membranes based on confined mass transfer mechanism[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(11): 3857-3869.

赵静, 刘公平, 金万勤, 徐南平. 限域传质分离膜的精密构筑与应用[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(11): 3857-3869.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Schematic diagrams of formation of nanotube through assembly of pillar[5]arene[8] (a); embedding of nanotubes in bilayers[8] (b), assembly of cyclic peptide with the assistance of block copolymer[17](c)

Fig.2 (a) A schematic of how K+ ions fix the interlayer spacing of GO membrane such that other cations are rejected[29]; (b) Interlayer spacings for GO membranes immersed in pure water or in various salt solutions[29]; (c) Interlayer spacings of GO membranes that were soaked in KCl solution, followed by being immersed in various salt solutions[29]; (d) Schematic of the transformation of MXene channels from “diffusion-controlled” to “solution-controlled”[20]; (e) Change of sorption selectivity and diffusion selectivity after chemical tuning of MXene membrane (MB: MXene+borate; MBP: MXene+borate+PEI)[20]; (f) Schematic of the fast transport subnanochannels for Li+ in MXene/PSS composite membranes[21]; (g) The PSS content dependent ion permeation rates and permselectivity of MXene/PSS composite membrane[21]

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of fabricating ultrathin and high-loading MOFs mixed matrix membranes via a solid-solvent processing strategy[53]; (b) Illustration of the nonaligned zeolite platelet distribution in the polymer matrix with different zeolite loadings[54]; (c) Illustration of the mixed matrix membrane with quasi-continuous zeolite phase and the unhindered CO2 permeation (indicated with green arrows) through the 3D-channel system of platelet-shaped Na-SSZ-39 filler[54]; (d) Schematic diagram of building CO2 transport freeways through interweaving UiO-66 and PIM-1[43]

Fig.4 (a) The experimental fluxes (purple stars) and predicted fluxes (bars) of different solvents through Ti3C2/graphene channels[60]; (b) The experimental and predicted selectivities of different water/alcohol systems (water/ethanol, water/n-butanol, and water/isopropanol) in graphene-based membranes[61]

Fig.5 (a) Ion sieving mechanism and (b) binary K+/Mg2+, Na+/Mg2+ and Li+/Mg2+ selectivities in the UiO-66-(COOH)2 subnanochannels (MOFSNC)[63]; (c) Schematic diagram of the rigid ion channels in sulfonated SCTF (SCTF) membrane[65]; (d) Molecular structure of SCTF- biphenyl (SCTF-BP)[65]; (e) Diffusion coefficients of Na+ in water and different membrane samples[65]

Fig.6 (a) Schematic illustration of the COF membrane with hydrophilicity gradient for membrane distillation[66]; (b) Water evaporation flux as a function of pore diameter (molecular dynamics simulations)[66]; (c) Schematic for the channel structures and interactions in the COF membranes formed through binding of COF nanosheets and nanoribbons[67]; (d) Temperature-dependent permeation flux of COF membrane[67]; (e) Schematic illustration of the Ti3C2-graphene membrane structure[60]; (f) Water flux of the Ti3C2-graphene hetero-channel membranes under different feed temperatures[60]

Fig.7 (a) Schematic diagram of the formation of MOF membranes with perfect lattices[71]; (b) The defect concentration and H2/CO2 selectivity of Zr-MOF (fumarate) membranes prepared using various multiplicative factors of the ligand/SBU stoichiometric ratio[71]; (c) Schematic diagram of the construction of MOF-COF alloy membranes[72]; (d) Mixed C3H6/C3H8 separation performance of the MOF-COF alloy membrane[72]; (e) Comparison of the gas transport channel strctures in RUB zeolite membranes before and after calcination[36]

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