Abstract: Three sulfonate sodium-containing Gemini surfactants, 6,6'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonenzenesulfonate sodium) (9B-3-9B), 6, 6'-(butane-1, 4-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonylbenzenesulfonic sodium) (9B-4-9B) and 6, 6'-(pentane-1, 5-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonylbenzenesulfonate sodium) (9B-5-9B), were synthesized through two-step reaction using nonylphenol (NP), 1, 3-dibromopropane, 1, 4-dibromobutane, 1, 5-dibromopentane and chloro sulfonic acid as main starting materials. The influence of reaction temperature and time on the yields of 9B-m-9B was studied. The structures of 9B-m-9B were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR and elemental analysis, and their abilities to lower water surface tension were also evaluated by surface tension measurement. The yields were 59.94%, 65.27% and 53.91% for 9B-3-9B, 9B-4-9B and 9B-5-9B, respectively, when the reaction condition was at 0℃ for 6 h. Three synthesized surfactants 9B-m-9B (m=3, 4, 5) showed surface properties superior to conventional monomeric surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were 0.14, 0.11 and 0.12 mmol·L^-1, g_CMC were 29.43, 29.26 and 28.22 mN·m^-1 for 9B-m-9B(m=3, 4, 5), respectively.

Key words: Gemini surfactant, surface tension, critical micelle concentration, synthesis, optimization, reaction

摘要： 通过两步反应，合成了三种磺酸钠型Gemini表面活性剂6， 6’-（丙基-1， 3-二基双氧）双（3-壬基苯磺酸钠）（9B-3-9B）、6， 6’-（正丁基-1， 4-二基双氧）双（3-壬基苯磺酸钠）（9B-4-9B）和6， 6’-（正戊基-1， 5-二基双氧）双（3-壬基苯磺酸钠）（9B-5-9B），并讨论了反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响，优化了反应条件。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、核磁共振仪（¹H NMR）和元素分析仪表征产物结构，并通过DCTA21表面界面张力仪测定其在水溶液中的表面张力。结果表明：与传统表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）相比，Gemini表面活性剂9B-m-9B（m=3， 4， 5）具有更高的表面活性，其临界胶束浓度（CMC）分别为0.14、0.11、0.12 mmol·L^-1，对应的表面张力g_CMC分别为29.43、29.26、28.22 mN·m^-1。

关键词: Gemini表面活性剂, 表面张力, 临界胶束浓度, 合成, 优化, 反应