Simulation research on anaerobic digestion biogas generation from low-grade biomass

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.05.004

Abstract

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion of low-grade biomass has attracted increasing interest in reducing greenhouse gas emission and facilitating sustainable development of energy supply. The theory of anaerobic digestion biogas generation and feedstocks are presented in this paper. It provides a review on mathematical model of and simulation research on the conversion of C, N, P in the process of anaerobic digestion. First order kinetic model is the simplest mathematical model which can simulate the dynamics of methane production. The advanced mathematical ADM1 is most popular, and simulates the conversion of C, N, P in anaerobic digestion. The model, simulation subjects and results of anaerobic digestion biogas generation of common substrates are given. Methane yield is the main subject of simulation investigation which is studied in almost all simulation researches on anaerobic digestion biogas generation, and some research reports the variation of volatile solid, volatile fatty acid, COD, CH₄, CO₂ and inorganic carbonate in the process of anaerobic digestion through mathematical modeling, with which the conversion of C can be determined. Simulation researches on the conversion of N include variations of ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen and total nitrogen. Simulation research on the conversion of P from sludge digestion is also presented. The challenges and future research trends of the conversion of C, N, P in the process of anaerobic digestion are forecasted.

Key words: anaerobic digestion, biomass, methane, conversion of C, N, P, mathematical modeling

摘要： 低劣生物质厌氧消化可以减少温室气体的排放并且生产生物甲烷作为能源。介绍了关于厌氧消化过程、底物的相关理论，还对目前主要用于厌氧产甲烷过程研究的数学模型以及碳氮磷转化的模拟研究进行了综述。其中，一级动力学模型是最为简单的数学模型，其可以通过简单的计算得到整个过程中甲烷产量随着时间的变化曲线，但是只限于较准确模拟甲烷产率的ADM1模型相对发展最为全面、应用最为广泛，且能够针对具体要研究的对象进行模型的修改。同时总结了较为常见的底物厌氧产甲烷研究模型、研究对象及结果、已有碳/氮/磷转化模拟研究及相关研究，并对开展针对厌氧产甲烷过程中碳氮磷转化的模拟研究进行了展望。

关键词: 厌氧消化, 生物质, 甲烷, 碳氮磷转化, 数学模拟

CLC Number:

Q815

LI Heng, KE Lanting, WANG Haitao, ZHENG Yanmei, WANG Yuanpeng, HE Ning, LI Qingbiao. Simulation research on anaerobic digestion biogas generation from low-grade biomass[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.05.004.

李恒, 柯蓝婷, 王海涛, 郑艳梅, 王远鹏, 何宁, 李清彪. 低劣生物质厌氧产甲烷过程的模拟研究进展[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0438-1157.2014.05.004.

References 67

[1]	Fehrenbach H, Giegrich J, Reinhardt G, Sayer U, Gretz M, Lanje K, Schmitz J. Kriterien einer nachhaltigen Bioenergienutzung im globalen Maßstab[J]. UBA-Forschungsbericht, 2008, 206: 41-112
[2]	Andrews J F. A mathematical model for the continuous culture of microorganisms utilizing inhibitory substrates[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1968, 10(6): 707-723
[3]	Graef S P, Andrews J F. Mathematical modeling and control of anaerobic digestion[J]. AIChE Symposium Series, 1974, 136: 101-131
[4]	Angelidaki I I, Ellegaard L, Ahring B K. A comprehensive model of anaerobic bioconversion of complex substrates to biogas[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999, 63(3): 363-372
[5]	Batstone D J, Keller J, Angelidaki I, Kalyuzhnyi S V, Pavlostathis S G. The IWA anaerobic digestion model No.1 (ADM1)[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2002, 45: 65-73
[6]	Vavilin V A, Lokshina L Y, Flotats X, Angelidaki I. Anaerobic digestion of solid material: multidimensional modeling of continuous-flow reactor with nonuniform influent concentration distributions[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2007, 97(2): 354-366
[7]	Gujer W, Zehnder A J B. Conversion processes in anaerobic digestion[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1983, 15: 127-167
[8]	Karakashev D, Bastone D, Angelidaki I. Influence of environmental conditions on methanogenic compositions in anaerobic biogas reactors[J]. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 2005, 71: 331-338
[9]	Peter Weiland. Biogas production: current state and perspectives[J]. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 2010, 85(4):849-860
[10]	Triolo J M, Sommer S G, Moller H B, Weisbjerg M R, Jiang X Y. A new algorithm to characterize biodegradability of biomass during anaerobic digestion: influence of lignin concentration on methane production potential[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(20): 9395-9402
[11]	Baserga U. Landwirtschaftliche Co-Vergaerungs-Biogasanlagen : Biogas aus organischen Reststoffen und Energiegras[M]. Taenikon: FAT, 1998
[12]	Rodrigo A Labatut, Largus T Angenent, Norman R Scott. Biochemical methane potential and biodegradability of complex organic substrates[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(3): 2255-2264
[13]	Li Yeqing, Zhang Ruihong, Liu Guangqing, Chen Chang, He Yanfeng, Liu Xiaoying. Comparison of methane production potential, biodegradability, and kinetics of different organic substrates[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 149: 565-569
[14]	Buswell A M, Mueller H F. Mechanism of methane fermentation[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1952, 44(3): 550-552
[15]	Li Y Q, Feng L, Zhang R H, He Y F, Liu X Y, Xiao X, Ma X X, Chen C, Liu G Q. Influence of inoculum source and pre-incubation on bio-methane potential of chicken manure and corn stover[J]. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 2013, 171(1): 117-127
[16]	Kaparaju P, Serrano M, Thomsen A B, Kongjan P, Angelidaki I. Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(9): 2562-2568
[17]	Triolo J M, Sommer S G, Moller H B, Weisbjerg M R, Jiang X Y. A new algorithm to characterize biodegradability of biomass during anaerobic digestion: influence of lignin concentration on methane production potential[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(20): 9395-9402
[18]	Müller J. Thermische, chemische und biochemische Desintegrationsverfahren [J]. Korresp Abwasser, 2003, 50: 796-804
[19]	Mshandete A, Bjornsson L, Kivaisi A K, Rubindamayugi M S T, Matthiasson B. Effect of particle size on biogas yield from sisal fibre waste[J]. Renewable Energy, 2006, 31(14): 2385-2392
[20]	Palmowski L M, Muller J. Influence of the size reduction of organic waste on their anaerobic digestion[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2000, 41(3): 155-162
[21]	Hartmann H, Angelidaki I, Ahring B K. Increase of anaerobic degradation of particulate organic matter in full-scale biogas plants by mechanical maceration[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2000, 41(3): 145-153
[22]	Mata-Alvarez J, Mac_e S, Llabr_es P. Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes. An overview of research achievements and perspectives[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 74(1): 3-16
[23]	Kono T, Asai T. Kinetics of continuous cultivation[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1969, 11(1): 19-36
[24]	Metcalf, Eddy I. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment Disposal and Reuse[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003
[25]	Pavlostathis S G, Giraldo-Gomez E. Kinetics of anaerobic treatment: a critical review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 1991, 21(5/6): 411-490
[26]	Monod J. The growth of bacterial cultures[J]. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 1949, 3: 371-394
[27]	Contois D E. Kinetics of bacterial growth: relationship between population density and specific growth rate of continuous cultures[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1959, 21(1): 40-50
[28]	Chen Y R, Hashimoto A G. Substrate utilization kinetic model for biological treatment processes[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1980, 22(10): 2081-2095
[29]	Grau P, Dohányos M, Chudoba J. Kinetics of multicomponent substrate removal by activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 1975, 9(7): 637-642
[30]	Lokshina L Y, Vavilin V A, Kettunen R H, Rintala J A, Holliger C. Evaluation of kinetic coefficients using integrated Monod and Haldane models for low-temperature acetoclastic methanogenesis[J]. Water Research, 2001, 35(12): 2913-2922
[31]	Bolzonella D, Fatone F, Pavan P, Cecchi F. Anaerobic fermentation of organic municipal solid wastes for the production of soluble organic compounds[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2005, 44(10): 3412-3418
[32]	Valentini A, Garruti G, Rozzi A, Tilche A. Anaerobic degradation kinetics of particulate organic matter: a new approach[J]. Water Science and Technology,1997, 36(6/7): 239-246
[33]	Liebetrau J, Kraft E, Bidlingmaier W. The influence of the hydrolysis rate of co-substrates on process behaviour//Proceedings of the Tenth World Congress on Anaerobic[C]. 2004
[34]	Vavilin V A, Lokshina L Y, Jokela J P Y, Rintala J A. Modeling solid waste decomposition[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2004, 94(1): 69-81
[35]	Hobson P N. The kinetics of anaerobic digestion of farm wastes[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1983, 33(1): 1-20
[36]	Rotter B E, Barry D A, Gerhard J I, Small J S. Parameter and process significance in mechanistic modeling of cellulose hydrolysis[J]. Bioresource Technol., 2009, 99(13):5738-5748
[37]	Mosey F E. Mathematical modelling of the anaerobic digestion process: regulatory mechanisms for the formation of short-chain volatile acids from glucose[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1983, 15(8/9): 209-232
[38]	Tosun I, Gonullu M T, Gunay A. Anaerobic digestion and methane generation potential of rose residue in batch reactors[J]. J. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2004, 39 (4): 915-925
[39]	Vavilin V A, Rytov S V, Lokshina L Y. A description of hydrolysis kinetics in anaerobic degradation of particulate organic matter[J]. Bioresource Technol., 1996, 56(2/3): 229-237
[40]	Henze M, Grady C P L, Gujer W, Marais G V R, Matsuo T. Activated Sludge Model No. 1. Scientific and Technical Report No. 1[M]. London: IWA Publishing, 1987
[41]	Henze M, Gujer W, Mino T, Matsuo T, Wentzel M C, Marais G R. Activated Sludge Model No. 2d. Scientific and Technical Report No. 3[M]. London: IWA Publishing, 1999
[42]	Henze M, Gujer W, Mino T, van Loosdrecht M C M. Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. Scientific and Technical Report No. 9[M]. London: IWA Publishing, 2000
[43]	Derbal K, Bencheikh-Lehocine M, Cecchi F, Meniai A H, Pavan P. Application of the IWA ADM1 model to simulate anaerobic co-digestion of organic waste with waste activated sludge in mesophilic condition[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 100(4): 1539-1543
[44]	Fezzani B, Cheikh R. Implementation of IWA anaerobic digestion model No.1(ADM1) for simulating the thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of olive mill wastewater with olive mill solid waste in a semi-continuous tubular digester[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008, 141(1/2/3): 75-88
[45]	Astals S, Esteban-Gutiérrez M, Fernández-Arévalo T, Aymerich E, García-Heras J L, Mata-Alvarez J. Anaerobic digestion of seven different sewage sludges: a biodegradability and modelling study[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(16): 6033-6043
[46]	Mairet F, Bernard O, Ras M, Lardon L, Steyer J P. Modeling anaerobic digestion of microalgae using ADM1[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(13): 6823-6829
[47]	Ramirez I, Mottet A, Carrère H, Déléris S, Vedrenne F, Steyer J P. Modified ADM1 disintegration/hydrolysis structures for modeling batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(14): 3479-3492
[48]	Astals S, Ariso M, Galí A, Mata-Alvarez J. Co-digestion of pig manure and glycerine: experimental and modelling study[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(4): 1091-1096
[49]	Galí A, Benabdallah T, Astals S, Mata-Alvarez J. Modified version of ADM1 model for agro-waste application[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(11): 2783-2790
[50]	Ivan Ramirez, Alexis Mottet, Hélène Carrèrea．Modified ADM1 disintegration / hydrolysis structures for modeling batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(14): 3479-3492
[51]	Galí A，Benabdallah T，Astals S．Modified version of ADM1 model for agro-waste application[J]. Bioresource Technology，2009, 100(11): 2783-2790
[52]	Guo Jianbin, Dong Renjie, Clemens Joachim, Wei Wanga. Kinetics evaluation of a semi-continuously fed anaerobic digester treating pig manure at two mesophilic temperatures[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(15): 5743-5750
[53]	Hamed M El-Mashad, Zhang Ruihong. Biogas production from co-digestion of dairy manure and food waste[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(11): 4021-4028
[54]	Krishania M, Vijay V K, Chandra R. Methane fermentation and kinetics of wheat straw pretreated substrates co-digested with cattle manure in batch assay energy[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 57(1): 359-367
[55]	Biswas J, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya P. Mathematical modeling for the prediction of biogas generation characteristics of an anaerobic digester based on food/vegetable residues[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2007, 31(1): 80-86
[56]	Manfred Lubkena, Marc Wicherna, Markus Schlattmannb, Andreas Gronauerb, Harald Horn. Modelling the energy balance of an anaerobic digester fed with cattle manure and renewable energy crops[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(18): 4085-4096
[57]	Thomas Amon, Barbara Amon, Vitaliy Kryvoruchko, Werner Zollitsch, Karl Mayer, Leonhard Gruber. Biogas production from maize and dairy cattle manure—influence of biomass composition on the methane yield[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2007, 118(1/2/3/4): 173-182
[58]	Benjamin C Lyseng, Wenche Bergland, Deshai Botheju, Finn Haugen, Rune Bakke. Biogas Reactor Modeling with ADM1[M]. Norway: Faculty of Technology (Porsgrunn), 2012
[59]	Tiedje J M. Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium//Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms[M]. Zehnder A J B, ed. New York: Wiley, 1988: 179-244
[60]	Knowles R. Denitrification[J]. Microbiological Reviews, 1982, 46(1): 43-70
[61]	Konrad Koch, Manfred Lübken, Tito Gehring , Marc Wichern, Harald Horn. Biogas from grass silage measurements and modeling with ADM1[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(21): 8158-8165
[62]	Francis Mairet, Olivier Bernard, Monique Ras, Laurent Lardon, Jean-Philippe Steyer. A dynamic model for anaerobic digestion of microalgae//18th IFAC World Congress[C]. Milano, Italy, 2011
[63]	Wild D, Kisliakova A, Siegrist H. Prediction of recycle phosphorus loads from anaerobic digestion[J]. Water Research, 1997, 31(9): 2300-2308
[64]	Carliell-Marquet C M, Wheatley A D. Measuring metal and phosphorous speciation in P-rich anaerobic digesters[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2002, 45(10): 305-312
[65]	Gungor K, Karthikeyan K G. Phosphorus forms and extractability in dairy manure: a case study for Wisconsin on-farm anaerobic digesters[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(15): 425-436
[66]	Li Y, Lei Z, Zhang Z, Sugiura N. Effects of nutrient addition on phenol biodegradation rate in biofilm reactors for hypersaline wastewater treatment[J]. Environmental Technology, 2006, 27(5): 511-520
[67]	Lei Zhongfang, Chen Jiayi, Zhang Zhenya, Sugiura Norio. Methane production from rice straw with acclimated anaerobic sludge: effect of phosphate supplementation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(12): 4343-4348