Abstract: The development stage of ionic liquids and its excellent properties，such as negligible vapor pressure，good solubility and thermal stability，high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window are reviewed. The type，structure-activity relationship and preparation methods of ionic liquids are summarized and application in chemical extraction as solvent and application in organic synthesis as catalyst are also presented，including the Friedel-Crafts reaction，Diels-Alder reaction，C-C coupling reaction，esterification and epoxidation. Compared with the traditional catalyst，the effects on different catalytic reactions of ionic liquids with different types are highlighted. The trend of ionic liquids in energy conservation and emission reduction and highly efficient heterogeneous catalytic reaction is discussed.

Key words: ionic liquids, catalyst preparation, extraction, solvent, catalytic reaction

摘要： 回顾了离子液体的发展阶段及作为一种新型的绿色环保有机化合物具有的一些优异性质，如低的饱和蒸气压、良好的溶解性、热稳定性、高电导率和宽的电化学窗口等。综述了离子液体的种类、构效关系及制备方法，介绍了离子液体在萃取分离方面的应用，作为溶剂在各类常见的有机反应中的影响和优势，包括氧化反应、Friedel-Crafts反应、Diels-Alder反应、碳-碳偶联反应、酯化反应、环氧化反应等。与传统催化剂进行比较，突出了不同类型的离子液体催化剂对不同催化反应效果的优势，指出了离子液体催化剂发展的趋势。提出了离子液体今后将突出在节能减排、非均相高效催化方面的应用前景。

关键词: 离子液体, 催化剂制备, 萃取分离, 溶剂, 催化反应