Abstract:

A mathematical model was developed to simulate the heat and mass transfer of evaporation and salt crystallization process of a saline (aqueous NaCl solution) droplet during depressurization. The model considered the formation of porous salt crust at the droplet surface, the air flow around the droplet caused by pressure drop, the mass diffusion of vapor through porous medium and the heat transfers due to evaporation and convection at the droplet surface. By comparing the numerical results with the experimental data, the validity of the present model was verified. Through numerical calculations, the variations of droplet surface temperature and droplet mass with time were obtained, and the different characteristics of droplet evaporation and crystallization process under low pressure environment and atmospheric environment were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature variation of a saline droplet during evaporation and salt crystallization process under reduced pressure can be divided into four stages: the stage of temperature drop, the temperature recover stage, the equilibrium temperature stage, and the temperature rising stage. During the equilibrium temperature stage, the movement of salt crust interface was slower, with the evaporation process, the size of liquid core decreased continuously, and then the movement of salt crust interface was quicker. The effect of ambient pressure on evaporation and salt crystallization process of a brine droplet was theoretically analyzed. With a lower ambient pressure, the equilibrium temperature was lower and the time for salt completely precipitated was shorter.

Key words: droplet, depressurization, evaporation, crystallization, mass transfer

摘要：

针对单个盐水(NaCl溶液)液滴在降压环境下蒸发析盐的传热传质过程建立了数学模型。模型考虑了多孔盐壳在液滴表面的形成过程,降压过程引起的气流运动,液核通过多孔介质的传质扩散,以及液滴表面的蒸发换热和对流换热。将实验数据与计算结果对比,验证了模型的有效性。通过模型计算获得了液滴表面温度及液滴质量随时间的变化。结果表明盐水液滴在降压环境下蒸发析盐过程的温度变化分为4个阶段:温度骤降阶段、温度回升阶段、平衡温度阶段和温度上升阶段。平衡温度阶段,盐壳界面运动较慢,随蒸发进行,液核尺寸逐渐减小,盐壳界面运动速度加快。理论分析了环境压力对盐水液滴蒸发析盐过程的影响,环境压力越低,平衡温度越低,盐分完全析出时间越短。

关键词: 液滴, 降压, 蒸发, 结晶, 传质