Abstract:

Space science experiments are an important work of the space station and scientific satellites, in some space science experiments, the temperature of environment exceeds heat sink temperature range, effective heating and cooling measures are required. Thermoelectric effect has high reliability and low complexity, which is applicable for temperature control in low gravity conditions. In this paper, the effect of thermoelectric cooling and heating at different fluid temperatures is analyzed, and the results show that the smaller difference between fluid temperature and aim temperature, the better effect of thermoelectric cooling and heating effect. The quantity of thermoelectric module decreases first and then increases with increasing current in the environment temperature cooling condition, and it is monotone decreasing in the heating condition. Since the cooling condition requires more thermoelectric modules than the heating condition, the quantity of thermoelectric module is determined according to the cooling conditions. Through the analysis of the environment temperature control system under different flow rates, it can be seen that the larger the flow rate, the higher efficiency of the heat exchanger, and the higher thermal load of the thermoelectric module. As the thermoelectric thermal load has greater impact than the efficiency heat exchanger on the whole system, the total efficiency is decreasing with increasing liquid flow rate. When the fluid temperature is close to the aim temperature, the total efficiency of the thermoelectric environment temperature control system is more than the efficiency of the thermoelectric module in an interval with specific temperature and flow rate. In this paper, performance analysis methods are provided for thermoelectric cooling and heating condition, which has important reference significance for the design of space station experiment temperature control system.

Key words: thermodynamics, thermoelectric cooler, heat pump, environment, thermal control system, heat transfer

摘要：

部分空间科学实验对环境温度有较高的要求，环境温度高于或低于空间科学系统能够提供的热沉温度，需要有可靠有效的加温降温处理措施。使用可靠性强的热电制冷片作为制冷制热方式和气液换热器二次换热来实现环境温度控制的需求，并对不同流体温度制冷制热效果进行分析，结果表明流体温度和目标温度差越小，热电制冷制热的效果越好。在环境温度制冷工况中，热电单元数量随电流增加先减少后增加，在制热工况中则单调递减，设计中需按照制冷工况进行热电单元数量的确定。当流体温度接近制冷制热的目标温度时，会出现整个系统总效率优于热电系统效率的区间。通过对热电单元和气液换热器的组合系统的性能计算，提供一种适于热电环控系统的计算方法和部件选型思路，对空间站环控系统的设计有重要参考意义。

关键词: 热力学, 热电制冷, 热泵, 环境, 热控系统, 传热