Research and development of lithium recovery from multi-component complex system of coal fly ash

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200424

Abstract

Abstract:

With the tight supply and demand of lithium resources and the increasing demand, the recovery of lithium from low-grade or secondary resources such as seawater, waste lithium batteries and fly ash has attracted attention. This review summarized the concentration and distribution of lithium resources in coal and coal fly ash, the technological progress of recovering lithium from multi-component complex system of coal fly ash. This paper also summarized the current methods, materials and reaction mechanisms for recovering lithium from other low-grade resources, which we elaborated from alkaline, neutral and acidic systems. Their feasibility for extracting lithium from coal fly ash was evaluated. The problems and development directions were also analyzed and discussed. The above methods can provide technological reference for recovering lithium from coal fly ash. Finally, we gave a prospect on the recovery of lithium resources from coal fly ash. The synergetic recovery of multi elements from coal fly ash has been highlighted.

Key words: coal fly ash, lithium, ion sieve adsorption, ion imprinting method, membrane, solvent extraction

摘要：

随着锂资源供需关系的紧张和需求量日益增大，从海水、废旧锂电池以及粉煤灰等低品位或者二次资源中回收锂受到重视。综述了煤及粉煤灰中锂资源的含量及分布、粉煤灰多元复杂体系中锂资源提取的技术现状，回顾了当前国内外从其他低品位资源中提锂的技术方法、材料和反应机制，分别从碱性、中性、酸性三种不同的提锂环境进行总结和阐述，对其用于粉煤灰提锂的可行性进行了评估，并对其存在问题和发展方向进行了分析和讨论，从其他低品位资源中提锂的方法可为粉煤灰提锂提供借鉴和参考。文章结尾对粉煤灰中锂资源的提取进行了展望，提出了粉煤灰中伴生资源协同提取的重要性和发展方向。

关键词: 粉煤灰, 锂, 离子筛吸附, 离子印迹, 膜, 溶剂萃取

CLC Number:

TF 826.3

CUI Li,LI Shasha,GUO Yanxia,ZHANG Xueli,CHENG Fangqin. Research and development of lithium recovery from multi-component complex system of coal fly ash[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(12): 5388-5399.

崔莉,李莎莎,郭彦霞,张学里,程芳琴. 粉煤灰多元复杂体系锂资源提取的研究及发展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5388-5399.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Chemical composition and content of fly ash from power plants in northern Shanxi

电厂	SiO₂/ %	Al₂O₃/ %	Fe₂O₃/ %	CaO/ %	MgO/ %	Li/ (μg/g)	Ga/ (μg/g)
国投塔山电厂	36.70	35.70	1.95	8.21	0.21	271.0	68.0
山阴昱光电厂	42.10	34.70	5.10	4.54	0.71	99.7	48.6
保德电厂	38.50	43.00	2.06	4.25	0.72	364.1	77.5
太钢电厂	39.20	31.10	4.06	3.84	0.45	269.1	69.0
同煤热电厂	36.80	33.40	2.30	14.27	0.93	118.6	77.9
古交电厂	42.80	28.10	5.85	2.35	0.47	169.4	53.9
太原二电厂	45.60	31.00	6.15	3.13	0.44	210.9	39.5

Fig.1 Flow sheet of recovering aluminum and lithium from coal fly ash[14]

Fig.2 Flow sheet of synergistic extraction of aluminum, silicon， lithium and gallium from coal fly ash[16]

Fig.3 Flow sheet of preparing lithium carbonate from the acidic mother liquor of coal fly ash[18]

Fig.4 Flow sheet of extracting lithium from acidic solution of coal fly ash using TBP-FeCl3[19]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of lithium extraction by lithium ion sieve[20]

Fig.6 The structure of crown ether with ionizable group[43-44]

Fig.7 Synergistic reaction mechanism for Li-TTA-TOPO [55]

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the solar-powered lithium extraction device[4]

Fig.9 Structure of functional ionic liquids[65-66]

Fig.10 Photochromic effect of spiropyran crown ether in acetonitrile solution[68]

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