Physical water treatment technology

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210880

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, China’s water environment and water ecology have been significantly improved, but there are still many problems, and the situation of water pollution control is still quite severe. Physical separation is considered to be a clean water treatment technology because it does not need to add chemical or biological agents, and the risk of secondary pollution is small. Breaking through the conventional mineralization model centered on biochemical methods and constructing the resource utilization model centered on physical separation methods can reduce the consumption of chemical or biological agents, reduce secondary pollutants, and provide a new route for the safety of water environment in China. This review takes municipal sewage, drinking water, industrial water, and offshore oil and gas production water as examples to introduce the latest achievements of physical water treatment technology, so as to provide new ideas for the innovative water treatment technology by physical methods.

Key words: waste water, pollution, waste treatment, recovery, physical separation, water pollution control

摘要：

近年来我国的水环境和水生态得到了明显的改善，但仍然存在很多的问题，水污染治理形势依然相当严峻。物理分离由于可不加或少加化学、生物药剂，造成二次污染的风险小，被认为是清洁的水处理技术。突破常规以生化法为核心的矿化模式，构建以物理分离法为核心的资源化模式，可减少化学和生物药剂消耗、减排二次污染物，为我国水环境安全提供一条新路线。以市政污水、饮用水、工业水和海上油气开采生产水为例，介绍了物理法水处理技术的最新成果，从而为物理法变革性水处理技术提供新思路。

关键词: 废水, 污染, 废物处理, 回收, 物理法分离, 水污染控制

CLC Number:

X 52

Pengbo FU,Jinyi TIAN,Wenjie LYU,Yuan HUANG,Yi LIU,Hao LU,Qiang YANG,Guangli XIU,Hualin WANG. Physical water treatment technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(1): 59-72.

付鹏波,田金乙,吕文杰,黄渊,刘毅,卢浩,杨强,修光利,汪华林. 物理法水处理技术[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(1): 59-72.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Energy consumption in the US [8]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of actual sewage source heat pump system with hydrocyclone decontamination device[43]

Fig.3 Chemical disinfection of drinking water produces harmful, even carcinogenic or genotoxic by-products[46]

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the structure and principle of the fluidized bed separator

Fig.5 50 m3/h pilot test of fluidized bed separation

Fig.6 50 m3/h calibration data of fluidized bed separation pilot test

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of 400 m3/h fluidized bed separation industrial plant process

Table 1 Comparison of different MTO quench water purification technologies

技术名称	分离效率/%	压降/MPa	占地/m²	废水回用率/%	再生周期/h	设备投资（400 m³/h）/万元	操作及维护费用/（万元/年）
沸腾床分离	90～95	0.2～0.3	120～150	≥ 98	96～192	1200～1400	10～20
旋流分离	30～60	0.2～0.3	50～70	≥ 95	-	1000～1200	10～20
陶瓷膜分离	95～99	0.3～0.6	120～150	≥ 90	2～8	2800～3600	400～800
布袋过滤分离	40～70	0.2～0.5	120～150	≥ 90	3～5	1400～1800	200～400

Fig.8 Innovative technology for coal chemical wastewater treatment based on physical methods

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of the carbon release process of activated sludge coupled with self-rotation and revolution in hydrocyclone

Fig.10 Engineering transformation plan and device photo of HAO technique

Fig.11 Innovative technology for petrochemical wastewater treatment based on physical methods

Table 2 Separation accuracy of common production water treatment technology

技术分类	设备类型	分离粒径极限/μm
重力分离	API分离器或撇油器	100~150
板块聚结	CPI分离器或错流分离器	30~50
增强聚结	填料式聚结器	10~15
气浮	溶气气浮或诱导气浮	10~20
离心分离	水力旋流器或离心机	12~20
介质过滤	核桃壳等介质过滤器	2
膜过滤	微滤超滤纳滤等	<1

Fig.12 Application and treatment effect of CFC technology on offshore gas field platform

Fig.13 Application and treatment effect of CFC technology on offshore oilfield platform

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