Advances in frontiers of organic synthesis in microreactor

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220403

Abstract

Abstract:

Microreactor generally refers to microreactor with characteristic size ranging from microns to hundreds of microns and is one of the core equipment of microchemical systems. Compared with the traditional tank reactor, microreactors show unique advantages in the synthesis process of dangerous or flammable and explosive products and in the rapid reaction process. Due to its excellent heat and mass transfer performance, the microreactor technology makes these hazardous chemical processes more accurate, efficient and safer. In this way, the microreactor has important industrial application value and is also one of the key development directions in the chemical industry. This paper mainly introduces the Hoffmann rearrangement, cycloaddition, diazotization and coupling, alkylation, nitrogen oxidation involved in the use of microreactor technology in the field of fine chemicals such as medicine, pesticide, dye and pigment in recent years. The research progress of typical “strong exothermic fast reaction” organic synthesis and its development prospects are prospected.

Key words: microreactor, organic synthesis, strong exothermic, hazardous reaction, intrinsic safety

摘要：

微反应器一般是指特征尺寸为微米至百微米级的微型反应器，是微化工系统的核心设备之一。与传统的釜式反应器相比，微反应器在危险或易燃易爆产品的合成过程及快反应过程中体现出独特优势。凭借其优异的传热传质性能，微反应器技术使这些危险化工过程变得更精准、更高效、更安全，具有重要的工业应用价值，也是化工领域的重点发展方向之一。本文主要介绍了近年来微反应器技术在医药、农药、染颜料合成等精细化工领域的进展，重点综述了在霍夫曼重排、环加成、重氮化和偶合、烷基化、氮氧化等典型“强放热快反应”有机合成方向的研究进展，并展望了其发展前景。

关键词: 微反应器, 有机合成, 强放热, 危险反应, 本质安全

CLC Number:

TQ 052.5

Jingwei ZHANG, Yiwei ZHOU, Zhuo CHEN, Jianhong XU. Advances in frontiers of organic synthesis in microreactor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(8): 3472-3482.

张经纬, 周弋惟, 陈卓, 徐建鸿. 微反应器内的有机合成前沿进展[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(8): 3472-3482.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a microreaction experimental apparatus for the preparation of cyclopropane[20]

Fig.2 (a) Schematic diagram of the microreaction reaction experimental setup for the preparation of Gapentin; (b) Synthesis equation; (c) Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the microchannel[21]

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the microreaction experimental setup for preparation of propylene carbonate[32]

Fig.4 The possible mechanism for the cycloaddition of CO2 catalyzed by [bmim]Br[34]

Fig.5 (a) Coupling reaction of C.I. PR 146; (b)Experimental setup of the C.I. PR 146 synthesis microreactor system[52]

Fig.6 Diazotization and azo coupling reaction for Yellow 14[54]

Fig.7 Flow chart of diazotization/diazo coupling of 4-nitroaniline[55]

Fig.8 Sketch for diazotization and azo coupling reaction for Red KD[56]

Fig.9 Schematic of the continuous-flow reactor system[66]

Fig.10 Sketch for circular microreaction[72]

Fig.11 Sketch for commercial microreaction[74]

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