Study on electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Fe3O4/FeNi/CNT composites with magnetic-dielectric loss

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250496

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, electromagnetic radiation poses a threat to human health and the normal operation of electronic devices. To address the aforementioned issues, the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials has become a crucial research direction in current technological advancement. As an important part of magnetic absorbent, ferrite absorbing materials have attracted wide attention because of their simple synthesis process and good magnetic loss advantages. However, its relative dielectric constant is poorly matched with impedance, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of broadband wave absorption. In this paper, Fe₃O₄ was taken as the research object, and the in-situ growth of carbon nanotubes was realized by introducing nickel as the catalyst. Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT composites were successfully prepared, which enriched the loss mechanism and improved the electromagnetic wave absorption performance. At 4.88 GHz, the absorption of electromagnetic waves yielded a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -39.2 dB. When the thickness was 2.00 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was 3.5 GHz. The Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT composite material had been proven through radar cross-section (RCS) simulations to possess strong electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities, making it suitable for practical applications. This work provides a simple and effective method for optimizing the absorption bandwidth and impedance matching of ferrite.

Key words: electromagnetic wave absorption, multiscale, nanomaterials, impedance matching, composites

摘要：

在信息通信技术日新月异的发展背景下，电磁波辐射问题影响人们身体健康和电子设备的正常工作。为解决上述问题，开发高性能电磁波吸收材料已成为当前科技发展的重要研究方向。作为磁性吸收剂中的重要组成部分，铁氧体吸波材料因合成工艺简单和具有良好的磁损耗优势受到广泛关注。然而其相对介电常数与阻抗匹配较差，难以满足宽频吸波需求。本实验以四氧化三铁为研究对象，通过引入金属镍作为催化剂，实现碳纳米管的原位生长。制备出Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT复合材料，丰富损耗机制和提高电磁波吸收性能。样品在频率4.88 GHz时，最小反射损耗（RL_min）可以达到-39.2 dB。在厚度为2.00 mm的条件下，有效吸收带宽（EAB）可以达到3.5 GHz。通过雷达截面（RCS）模拟证明Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT复合材料具有强电磁波吸收能力，适合应用于实际。本文可为优化铁氧体的吸收带宽和阻抗匹配提供参考。

关键词: 电磁波吸收, 多尺度, 纳米材料, 阻抗匹配, 复合材料

CLC Number:

TB 34

Shengyuan LIANG, Rudong ZHOU, Wenkai LI, Lijun WANG, Shikuo LI. Study on electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT composites with magnetic-dielectric loss[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(11): 6099-6109.

梁晟源, 周如东, 李文凯, 王李军, 李士阔. 金属诱导制备Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT复合材料及其吸波性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(11): 6099-6109.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of fabrication procedure of microwave absorbing composite Fe3O4/FeNi/CNT

Fig.2 Electromagnetic wave absorption test system

Fig.3 SEM images of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (a) and sample S2 (b)； TEM images of sample S2 [(c),(d)]

Fig.4 XRD patterns (a) and Raman spectra (b) of S0, S1, S2, S3

Fig.5 Complex permittivity real part ε′ (a), imaginary part ε″ (b), dielectric loss tangent tanδε (c), and complex permeability real part μ′ (d), imaginary part μ″ (e), magnetic loss tangent tanδµ (f) of S0, S1, S2, S3

Fig.6 2D reflection loss diagram, 3D reflection loss diagram and top view of S0, S1, S2 and S3

Fig.7 Cole-Cole curves [(a)—(c)], attenuation constant (d), impedance matching at thickness of 2.00 mm (e) and C0 curves (f) of samples

Fig.8 Electrical conductivity (a), conduction loss (b), polarization loss (c) of S0, S1, S2, S3, and matching diagram of reflection loss and impedance of S2 (d)

Fig.9 (a) Schematic diagram of the CST simulation model for the PEC substrate and S1—S3 at incident angles θ ranging from -60° to 60°； (b) RCS simulation results at different angles； (c)—(e) Mean RCS reduction and CST simulation results

Fig.10 Schematic illustration of microwave absorption mechanism of Fe3O4/FeNi/CNT

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Study on electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT composites with magnetic-dielectric loss

金属诱导制备Fe₃O₄/FeNi/CNT复合材料及其吸波性能研究

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