High strength and toughness P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogel marine antifouling and drag-reducing coating

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240656

Abstract

Abstract:

A composite hydrogel was prepared by copolymerization of zwitterionic betaine methacrylate sulfonate (SBMA) with acrylic acid (AAc) and addition of fumed SiO₂ nanoparticles, P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO₂, in which both the chemical crosslinking and physical crosslinking coexist. The addition of SiO₂ particles effectively reduces the relative swelling degree of the hydrogel in water and seawater, and significantly improves the tensile strength and modulus of the hydrogel. The tensile strength and Young's modulus in seawater can reach 662 kPa and 429 kPa, respectively, and the compressive modulus is 225 kPa. At the same time, it has high elongation at break. The hydrogel coating has excellent drag reduction effect and exhibits a low friction coefficient under high sliding speed. The friction coefficient with the glass surface can be as low as 0.004 under a load of 1 N. The composite hydrogel also shows excellent anti-protein adsorption and antibacterial properties. The hydrogel coating could be adhered on the surface of tinplate sheet with high adhesion energy. P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO₂ composite hydrogel has simple preparation process and low cost, which provides a reference for the application of antifouling and drag-reducing hydrogel coating.

Key words: zwitterionic hydrogel, composites, silica, nanoparticles, mechanical property, antifouling and drag-reduction

摘要：

将两性离子甲基丙烯酸磺酸甜菜碱(SBMA)与丙烯酸(AAc)单体共聚，并引入气相SiO₂纳米粒子，将化学交联与物理交联相结合，制备了P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO₂复合水凝胶。添加SiO₂粒子有效降低了水凝胶在水及海水中的相对溶胀度，显著提升了水凝胶的强度和模量，在海水中的拉伸强度和杨氏模量可达662 kPa和429 kPa，压缩模量达225 kPa，同时具有高断裂伸长率。水凝胶涂层减阻效果优异，高滑动速率下，表现出低摩擦因数，在1 N的载重下与玻璃表面的摩擦因数可低至0.004。复合水凝胶还表现出优异的抗蛋白吸附和抗菌性能，在马口铁片表面也具有优异的黏结性能。P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO₂复合水凝胶涂层制备工艺简单、成本较低，可为防污减阻水凝胶涂层的应用提供参考。

关键词: 两性离子水凝胶, 复合材料, 二氧化硅, 纳米粒子, 力学性能, 防污减阻

CLC Number:

TQ 317.3

Wenbao LI, Jinpeng HU, Miao DU, Pengju PAN, Guorong SHAN. High strength and toughness P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO₂ composite hydrogel marine antifouling and drag-reducing coating[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(2): 787-796.

李文宝, 胡锦鹏, 杜淼, 潘鹏举, 单国荣. 强韧P（SBMA-co-AAc）/SiO₂复合水凝胶海洋防污减阻涂层[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 787-796.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Preparation process of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels

Table 1 P（SBMA-co-AAc）/SiO2 composite hydrogels sample formula

水凝胶	SBMA/g	AAc/g	MBAA/g	2959/g	H₂O/g	SiO₂/g
SA-0	3.35	3.46	0.046	0.13	13.01	0
SA-5	3.35	3.46	0.046	0.13	13.01	1
SA-10	3.35	3.46	0.046	0.13	13.01	2
SA-15	3.35	3.46	0.046	0.13	13.01	3

Fig.2 Schematic diagram (a) and infrared spectrum (b) of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels

Fig.3 The morphology (a), water content (b), qw and qs (c) and qw-s (d) of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 compositehydrogels

Fig.4 σb (a), εb (b) and E (c) of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels

Fig.5 SEM images of the cross section of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels

Fig.6 Es of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels (a) and its friction coefficient curves in water (b) and seawater (c)

Fig.7 BSA adsorption capacity of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels surface

Fig.8 Anti-Escherichia coli adhesion results (a) and surface Zeta potential (b) of P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO2 composite hydrogels

Fig.9 (a) Adhesion energy between SA-15 composite hydrogel and tinplate surface; (b) Infrared spectrum of tinplate surface treated with KH-570 ethanol-acetic acid solution and aqueous solution respectively

Fig.10 The morphology of SA-0 (a) and SA-15 (b) composite hydrogels before and after abrasing with sand and stone water

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High strength and toughness P(SBMA-co-AAc)/SiO₂ composite hydrogel marine antifouling and drag-reducing coating

强韧P（SBMA-co-AAc）/SiO₂复合水凝胶海洋防污减阻涂层

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