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Optimization design and experimental properties of high-temperature and high-capacity pulse tube cooler
Weifeng DENG, Zhenhua JIANG, Shaoshuai LIU, Ankuo ZHANG, Yinong WU
CIESC Journal    2019, 70 (1): 107-115.   DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180307
Abstract   (391 HTML6 PDF(pc) (821KB)(100)  

A high-capacity pulse tube cooler (PTC) with nominal cooling of 50 W/170 K is presented in this paper. It is driven by an opposed-piston dynamic magnetic linear compressor. The regenerator and pulse tube are arranged in coaxial. The inertance tube and reservoir are used as passive phase shifter of the PTC. Based on the principle of electrical-mechanical-acoustic coupling field, a dynamic model of the PTC is proposed and transient simulation was conducted on the characteristics of the compressor under load. The mass-spring system of the compressor is improved to make the PTC resonant. The mass of the PTC is less than 12 kg without electric control equipment. A performance of 50 W/170 K is achieved with 230 W electrical power while the motor efficiency and related Carnot efficiency are 92.7% and 16.5% respectively. The specific power (electrical power/cooling power) is less than 5 W/W at the temperature range of 150—200 K. Under the rated input power, the maximum cooling power reaches 90 W@200 K. The PTC can be used for space to cool down giant Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) and provide an alternative to domestic refrigerator as cold source at the temperature range of -60—-20℃ as well.


Fig.1 Main structural drawing of coaxial PTC
Extracts from the Article
同轴型脉管制冷机主要结构部件包括线性压缩机、脉管冷指和调相机构,如图1所示。线性压缩机作为交变压力波发生器,是向冷指部分提供PV功的重要动力源,采用对置双活塞结构,由两台并联的直线振荡电机驱动,两个活塞位移保持180°的相位角,因此在轴向方向上动量相互抵消,大大降低了压缩机自身的振动量级;脉管冷指由蓄冷器、脉管、冷热端换热器和局部导流结构组成,环形蓄冷器与脉管同轴心并列布置,冷热端换热器设置合适的导流结构使得脉管进出口处的流动尽量分布均匀,从而降低损失[24,25];调相机构采用惯性管-气库组合的被动结构,采用双段变径惯性管以提高调相能力,并在满足体积紧凑的前提下尽可能减少惯性管的盘绕圈数[26]。该结构脉管制冷机结构简单紧凑,机械振动小,且易于系统集成,因此非常适合空间应用领域。
本文以该声场网络图为基础,应用一维热声软件建立了脉管冷指和调相机构的热力学模型,以冷头制冷性能为目标,对其中的核心部件——蓄冷器结构尺寸进行了重点设计优化,基于蓄冷器参数的优化结果,对脉管、冷热端换热器、导流结构和惯性管-气库组合进行了整体优化,最终的脉管冷指参数见表1。
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