干法电石渣性质分析及乙炔气逸出行为研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201263

化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (2): 1107-1115.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201263

干法电石渣性质分析及乙炔气逸出行为研究

牟秀娟¹(),朱干宇²(),颜坤²,赵立文³,李少鹏²,李会泉^2,⁴,孙国新¹()

^1.济南大学化学化工学院，山东济南 250022
^2.中国科学院过程工程研究所绿色过程与工程重点实验室，湿法冶金清洁生产技术国家工程实验室，北京 100190
^3.昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南昆明 650093
^4.中国科学院大学化学工程学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-09-04 修回日期:2020-11-02 出版日期:2021-02-05 发布日期:2021-02-05
通讯作者: 朱干宇,孙国新
作者简介:牟秀娟（1996—），女，硕士研究生，xjmou@ipe.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901502);中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院自主部署项目(IAGM-2019-A09);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2018066)

Properties analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag and study on acetylene gas escape behavior

MU Xiujuan¹(),ZHU Ganyu²(),YAN Kun²,ZHAO Liwen³,LI Shaopeng²,LI Huiquan^2,⁴,SUN Guoxin¹()

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
^2.CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^3.Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
^4.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-09-04 Revised:2020-11-02 Online:2021-02-05 Published:2021-02-05
Contact: ZHU Ganyu,SUN Guoxin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干法电石渣是电石法制乙炔过程中产生的大宗钙基固废，其中残留电石及乙炔气对资源化利用影响较大。针对利用过程乙炔气富集的安全隐患问题，对电石渣的粒径分布、矿相组成、微观形貌等进行了系统分析和表征，考察了残留电石含量变化及不同温度、湿度、振荡、晾置时间、气体置换等因素对乙炔气逸出行为影响。结果表明：干法电石渣主要物相是Ca(OH)₂，以多面体片状疏松结构存在，粒度集中分布在75 μm以下，电石残余量0~0.71%；温度升高及水分含量增加促进电石渣内乙炔气的逸出，振荡无明显促进或抑制作用；采用预先晾置与气体置换相结合的方式能够使得电石渣内乙炔气得以大量逸散，有效降低乙炔气富集燃爆风险，本工作可为干法电石渣的安全运输和利用提供依据。

关键词: 干法电石渣, 乙炔气, 废物处理, 扩散, 平衡

Abstract:

Dry-process calcium carbide slag is a large amount of calcium-based solid waste produced in the process of making acetylene by the calcium carbide process, in which residual calcium carbide and acetylene gas have a greater impact on resource utilization. Focusing on the hidden safety problem caused by the acetylene gathering, the physical and chemical properties of dry calcium carbide slag were analyzed. The changes of residual calcium carbide content and the influences of different temperature, humidity, vibration, open time, gas replacement and other factors on the escape behavior of acetylene gas were investigated. The results show that the main component of calcium carbide slag is calcium hydroxide, and the particle size is concentrated below 75 μm. The morphology of the slag is polyhedral and loose sheet-like. The residual amount of calcium carbide in the slag fluctuates from 0 to 0.71%. The increase of temperature and moisture can promote the escape of acetylene gas from calcium carbide slag. Vibration has no obvious promotion or suppression effect, moreover, most acetylene can escape from calcium carbide slag with the combination of hanging and air replacement. Through this method, the explosion risk caused by the gathering of acetylene gas can be effectively reduced. The research can provide a reference for the storage, transportation and utilization of calcium carbide slag in the industrial production process.

Key words: calcium carbide slag, acetylene gas, waste treatment, diffusion, equilibrium

中图分类号:

X 784

牟秀娟, 朱干宇, 颜坤, 赵立文, 李少鹏, 李会泉, 孙国新. 干法电石渣性质分析及乙炔气逸出行为研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(2): 1107-1115.

MU Xiujuan, ZHU Ganyu, YAN Kun, ZHAO Liwen, LI Shaopeng, LI Huiquan, SUN Guoxin. Properties analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag and study on acetylene gas escape behavior[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(2): 1107-1115.

图/表 13

图1 双联气袋换气法示意图1—导气管；2—调节阀；3—三口烧瓶；4—气袋

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of double air bag ventilation method

表1 电石渣元素组成测定

Table 1 Determination of elemental composition of calcium carbide slag

元素	含量/%
元素	>106 μm	75~106 μm	58~75 μm	48~58 μm	<48 μm
Ca	65.72	69.24	68.14	67.97	67.74
O	29.45	29.13	29.53	29.58	29.64
Fe	2.86	0.23	0.17	0.18	0.19
Si	1.09	0.65	1.17	1.23	1.31
Al	0.32	0.32	0.53	0.57	0.59
S	0.21	0.21	0.27	0.27	0.28
Ti	0.14	—	—	0.04	0.06
Sr	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.13
Cl	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03
Mg	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02

图2 电石渣粒度分布

Fig.2 Particle size distribution of calcium carbide slag

图3 干法电石渣物相分析

Fig.3 Phase analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag

图5 干法电石渣形貌分析

Fig.5 Morphology analysis of dry-process carbide slag

图4 电石渣吸附等温线

Fig.4 Calcium carbide slag adsorption isotherm

图6 3 h内电石渣中乙炔气逸出量

Fig.6 The amount of acetylene gas escaped from the carbide slag in 3 h

图7 湿度对乙炔气逸出的影响

Fig.7 The effect of humidity on acetylene gas escape

图8 干法电石渣内残余电石含量变化

Fig.8 Change of residual calcium carbide content in dry-process calcium carbide slag

图9 外部环境对乙炔气逸出量的影响

Fig.9 The influence of external environment on the acetylene gas escape

图10 晾置时间对乙炔气逸出的影响

Fig.10 The effect of open time on the escape of acetylene gas

图11 气体置换对乙炔气逸出的影响

Fig.11 The effect of gas replacement on the escape of acetylene gas

图12 电石渣内乙炔气浓度降低过程原理

Fig.12 Principle diagram of acetylene gas concentration reduction in calcium carbide slag

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干法电石渣性质分析及乙炔气逸出行为研究

Properties analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag and study on acetylene gas escape behavior

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