不同放汽阀流量特性对弹射过程的影响规律

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201366

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究对象为某型蒸汽弹射装置，建立了系统的热力过程数学模型和飞机的力学模型，建立弹射装置的仿真模型并对其进行了可靠性验证，对分别选用快开阀、线性阀、抛物线阀、对数阀的蒸汽弹射装置动态性能进行了仿真研究。仿真计算结果表明：当其他参数均一致，选用具有不同流量特性的阀门时，弹射耗汽量相差不大，均在560 kg左右，弹射过程时间：快开阀<线性阀<抛物线阀<对数阀，且弹射时间均在3 s以内，选用线性阀与抛物线阀时，汽缸内压力曲线更为平稳，飞机最大加速度也较小，分别为40.97与42.80 m/s²，飞机最终起飞速度均大于75 m/s。

关键词: 放汽阀, 流量特性, 热力学, 动力学理论, 动态仿真

Abstract:

With a certain type of steam ejection device as the research object, the mathematical model of the thermodynamic process of the system and the mechanical model of the aircraft was established. The simulation model was built and was verified, the dynamic performance of the steam ejection device with fast opening valve, linear valve, parabolic valve and logarithmic valve was simulated by the simulation model. The simulation results showed that, when the other parameters were consistent, chose different flow characteristics of the valve, the ejection steam consumption were similar, all of which were about 560 kg, the time required for ejection had the relation of quick-opening valve < linear valve < parabolic valve < logarithmic valve, and ejection time were all within 3 s, when choosing the linear valve and parabola valve, the pressure curve in the cylinder were more stable, and the maximum acceleration of the aircraft were smaller too, respectively were 40.97 and 42.80 m/s², the final took off speed of the aircrafts were all larger than 75 m/s.

Key words: discharge valve, flow characteristics, thermodynamics, dynamics theory, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

TK 219

王佳星, 赵家睿, 李斯特, 付媛, 刘凤杰, 韦昌. 不同放汽阀流量特性对弹射过程的影响规律[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 318-325.

WANG Jiaxing, ZHAO Jiarui, LI Site, FU Yuan, LIU Fengjie, WEI Chang. Influence of different discharge valve flow characteristics on ejection process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 318-325.

图/表 13

图1 弹射系统的组成

Fig.1 Composition of ejection system

图2 储汽筒结构

Fig.2 Simplified diagram of steam storage cylinder structure

图3 不同阀门流量特性曲线1—线性阀;2—等百分比阀;3—快开阀;4—抛物线阀

Fig.3 Flow characteristic curves of different valves

图4 飞机与活塞的整体受力分析

Fig.4 Force analysis of aircraft

表1 初始参数和条件

Table 1 Initial parameters and conditions

参数	符号	数值
飞机质量/t	M	31.72
发动机推力/kN	T	225
应力螺栓屈服强度/MPa	p_d	246
汽缸初始压力/MPa	p_g0	0.1
汽缸个数	n	2
蓄热器初始压力/MPa	p₀	5.4
汽缸冲程/m	L_z	74

图5 弹射力与冲程关系曲线

Fig.5 Catapulting force and stroke curve

图6 汽缸压力

Fig.6 Cylinder pressure

图7 飞机加速度

Fig.7 Aircraft acceleration

图8 飞机速度

Fig.8 Aircraft velocity

表2 仿真结果

Table 2 Simulation results

放汽阀	螺栓拉断时间/s	汽缸最大压力/MPa	飞机到达最大加速度耗时/s	飞机最大加速度/(m/s²)	飞机末速度/(m/s)	弹射时间/s	耗汽量/kg
快开阀	0.43	4.11	0.54	42.84	75.64	2.37	559.15
线性阀	0.49	3.9	1.04	40.97	75.14	2.52	560.18
抛物线阀	0.73	4.1	0.91	42.80	75.41	2.71	560.68
对数阀	0.92	4.38	0.69	45.23	75.75	2.92	560.84

图9 储汽筒压力

Fig.9 Regenerator pressure

图10 汽缸充汽流量

Fig.10 Cylinder charge flow

图11 汽缸充汽质量

Fig.11 Cylinder charge mass

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