煤矸石中有价关键金属活化提取研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230260

化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (7): 2783-2799.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230260

煤矸石中有价关键金属活化提取研究进展

康超¹^,²(), 乔金鹏¹^,²(), 杨胜超¹^,², 彭超¹^,², 付元鹏³, 刘斌⁴, 刘建荣⁵, Aleksandrova Tatiana⁶, 段晨龙¹^,²()

^1.中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏徐州 221116
^2.中国矿业大学煤炭加工与高效洁净利用教育部重点实验室，江苏徐州 221116
^3.太原理工大学矿业工程学院，山西太原 030024
^4.湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司，湖南长沙 410200
^5.内蒙古上海庙矿业有限责任公司，内蒙古鄂托克前旗 021600
^6.圣彼得堡矿业大学矿物加工系，俄罗斯圣彼得堡 199106

收稿日期:2023-03-20 修回日期:2023-06-15 出版日期:2023-07-05 发布日期:2023-08-31
通讯作者: 乔金鹏,段晨龙
作者简介:康超（1999—），男，硕士研究生，3310637329@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52204294);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20221131);内蒙古中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0051);内蒙古自治区科技兴蒙项目(2021EEDSCXSFQZD007)

Research progress on activation extraction of valuable metals in coal gangue

Chao KANG¹^,²(), Jinpeng QIAO¹^,²(), Shengchao YANG¹^,², Chao PENG¹^,², Yuanpeng FU³, Bin LIU⁴, Jianrong LIU⁵, Aleksandrova TATIANA⁶, Chenlong DUAN¹^,²()

^1.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^3.College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
^4.Hunan Provincial Communications Planning, Survey & Design Institute Co. , Ltd. , Changsha 410200, Hunan, China
^5.Inner Mongolia Shanghai Miao Mining Co. , Ltd. , Etuokeqianqi 021600, Inner Mongolia, China
^6.Mineral Processing Department, Saint Petersburg Mining University, St. Petersburg 199106, Russia

Received:2023-03-20 Revised:2023-06-15 Online:2023-07-05 Published:2023-08-31
Contact: Jinpeng QIAO, Chenlong DUAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

煤矸石是煤炭开采洗选过程中的固体废弃物，是我国产储量最大的工业固废之一，回收利用其中潜在的矿产资源对实现我国绿色矿山建设及“双碳”目标达成意义重大。通过综合分析国内外现阶段煤矸石提取有价金属相关技术，系统阐述了“单一/复合活化-碱熔/酸浸”联合强化铝、铁等有价组分高效富集研究进展，重点分析了锂、稀土等微量关键金属的赋存状态及提取方法。针对煤矸石组分复杂且波动范围大、有价金属含量低等问题，可基于矿物特性采用相应选矿技术初步富集载体矿物，提升有价金属品位，进而开展铝、铁、锂、稀土等多种元素协同提取，实现煤矸石高附加值利用。

关键词: 煤矸石, 有价金属, 活化, 浸出, 赋存状态

Abstract:

Coal gangue is a solid waste in the process of coal mining and washing, and it is one of the largest industrial solid wastes in China. Recycling and utilizing potential mineral resources is of great significance to realize the goal of green mine construction and “dual carbon” target in China. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the relevant technology of extracting valuable metals from coal gangue at the present stage at home and abroad, the research progress of efficient enrichment of valuable components such as aluminum and iron by “single/composite activation-alkali fusion/acid leaching” was systematically expounded, and focused on the analysis of the occurrence state and extraction methods of trace key metals such as lithium and rare earth. In view of the complex composition of coal gangue, large fluctuation range, and low content of valuable metals, based on the mineral characteristics, the corresponding mineral processing technology can be used to initially enrich the carrier minerals, improve the grade of valuable metals, and then carry out the synergistic extraction of aluminum, iron, lithium, rare earth, and other elements to realize the high value-added utilization of coal gangue.

Key words: coal gangue, valuable metals, activation, leaching, occurrence state

中图分类号:

TQ 536.9

康超, 乔金鹏, 杨胜超, 彭超, 付元鹏, 刘斌, 刘建荣, Aleksandrova Tatiana, 段晨龙. 煤矸石中有价关键金属活化提取研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2783-2799.

Chao KANG, Jinpeng QIAO, Shengchao YANG, Chao PENG, Yuanpeng FU, Bin LIU, Jianrong LIU, Aleksandrova TATIANA, Chenlong DUAN. Research progress on activation extraction of valuable metals in coal gangue[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2783-2799.

图/表 17

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矸石产地	主要氧化物质量分数/%					岩石类型
矸石产地	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	岩石类型
河北唐山	51.30	21.83	6.43	3.53	2.24	SiO₂：40%~70% Al₂O₃：15%~30% 属岩土矸石
河北邯郸	52.26	30.09	5.78	2.58	0.62
黑龙江鸡西	64.67	23.28	3.97	0.32	1.06
辽宁阜新	61.13	17.71	10.32	5.02	4.38
山东淄博	57.87	18.90	6.17	4.17	8.27
安徽淮北	60.16	24.19	4.86	0.61	0.89
安徽淮南	61.29	29.75	4.35	0.76	0.63
江西萍乡	68.84	21.33	2.68	0.46	1.27
陕西渭南	50.15	23.78	5.82	2.21	0.81
江苏徐州	45.73	38.69	0.47	0.09	0.16
贵州六盘水	42.27	15.56	19.97	1.70	2.04
河南平顶山	63.34	25.56	4.76	1.07	0.49
甘肃张掖	89.20	1.54	1.59	7.23	0.01	SiO₂>70% 属砂岩矸石
湖南娄底	90.45	0.36	2.59	0.14	0
新疆昌吉	70.25	4.68	1.01	1.22	1.10
内蒙古乌海	50.72	44.17	1.88	0.71	0.51	Al₂O₃>40% 属铝质岩矸石
内蒙古准格尔	42.72	47.79	2.50	2.50	0.40
辽宁葫芦岛	49.14	40.68	1.93	0.72	0.13
山西长治	53.96	42.40	0.96	0.56	0.50
山东济宁	1.69	1.13	2.60	86.09	1.78	CaO>30% 属钙质岩矸石
云南红河州	14.28	2.93	4.98	68.60	1.40	CaO>30% 属钙质岩矸石

矸石产地	主要氧化物质量分数/%					岩石类型
矸石产地	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	岩石类型
河北唐山	51.30	21.83	6.43	3.53	2.24	SiO₂：40%~70% Al₂O₃：15%~30% 属岩土矸石
河北邯郸	52.26	30.09	5.78	2.58	0.62
黑龙江鸡西	64.67	23.28	3.97	0.32	1.06
辽宁阜新	61.13	17.71	10.32	5.02	4.38
山东淄博	57.87	18.90	6.17	4.17	8.27
安徽淮北	60.16	24.19	4.86	0.61	0.89
安徽淮南	61.29	29.75	4.35	0.76	0.63
江西萍乡	68.84	21.33	2.68	0.46	1.27
陕西渭南	50.15	23.78	5.82	2.21	0.81
江苏徐州	45.73	38.69	0.47	0.09	0.16
贵州六盘水	42.27	15.56	19.97	1.70	2.04
河南平顶山	63.34	25.56	4.76	1.07	0.49
甘肃张掖	89.20	1.54	1.59	7.23	0.01	SiO₂>70% 属砂岩矸石
湖南娄底	90.45	0.36	2.59	0.14	0
新疆昌吉	70.25	4.68	1.01	1.22	1.10
内蒙古乌海	50.72	44.17	1.88	0.71	0.51	Al₂O₃>40% 属铝质岩矸石
内蒙古准格尔	42.72	47.79	2.50	2.50	0.40
辽宁葫芦岛	49.14	40.68	1.93	0.72	0.13
山西长治	53.96	42.40	0.96	0.56	0.50
山东济宁	1.69	1.13	2.60	86.09	1.78	CaO>30% 属钙质岩矸石
云南红河州	14.28	2.93	4.98	68.60	1.40	CaO>30% 属钙质岩矸石

元素	分布区	含量/(μg/g)	主要赋存形式	文献
Li	山西平朔矿区	166	硅酸盐矿物	[74]
	山西阳泉矿区	169.8	硅酸盐矿物	[75]
	内蒙古准格尔矿区	160	硅酸盐矿物	[76]
	重庆草堂矿区	291.46	高岭石	[77]
	广西扶绥矿区	97.94	高岭石	[77]
	贵州桥溪河矿区	288	高岭石	[78]
Ga	山西平朔矿区	40.01	黏土矿物	[79]
	山西大同矿区	45.40	黏土矿物	[80]
	内蒙古准格尔矿区	44	硅酸盐矿物	[76]
	贵州桥溪河矿区	55.2	黏土矿物	[78]
Nb	山西安太堡矿区	74.8	锆石、锐钛矿	[81]
	四川古叙矿区	45.38	锆石、锐钛矿	[82]
	广西合山矿区	50	锆石、锐钛矿	[83]
	重庆松藻矿区	169	锆石、锐钛矿	[73]
	贵州桥溪河矿区	267	锆石、锐钛矿	[78]

元素	分布区	含量/(μg/g)	主要赋存形式	文献
Li	山西平朔矿区	166	硅酸盐矿物	[74]
	山西阳泉矿区	169.8	硅酸盐矿物	[75]
	内蒙古准格尔矿区	160	硅酸盐矿物	[76]
	重庆草堂矿区	291.46	高岭石	[77]
	广西扶绥矿区	97.94	高岭石	[77]
	贵州桥溪河矿区	288	高岭石	[78]
Ga	山西平朔矿区	40.01	黏土矿物	[79]
	山西大同矿区	45.40	黏土矿物	[80]
	内蒙古准格尔矿区	44	硅酸盐矿物	[76]
	贵州桥溪河矿区	55.2	黏土矿物	[78]
Nb	山西安太堡矿区	74.8	锆石、锐钛矿	[81]
	四川古叙矿区	45.38	锆石、锐钛矿	[82]
	广西合山矿区	50	锆石、锐钛矿	[83]
	重庆松藻矿区	169	锆石、锐钛矿	[73]
	贵州桥溪河矿区	267	锆石、锐钛矿	[78]

地区	稀土元素含量/(μg/g)	主要赋存形式	文献
山西孝义	85	硅酸盐态	[76]
山西平朔	186	硅酸盐态	[76]
太原杜儿平矿	96.65~379.05	黏土矿物	[103]
太原马兰矿夹矸	346.85	—	[104]
宁夏石炭井	422.81	硅铝化合物	[105]
宁夏石嘴山	255.75	硅铝化合物	[105]
重庆中梁山	1515	主要以磷铝铈矿和独居石的形式存在，部分呈离子吸附态	[88]
内蒙古哈尔乌素煤矿	128.4	硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐态	[106]
内蒙古准格尔煤矿	664.18	非晶态相	[86]
内蒙古准格尔某选煤厂	76.59	高岭石	[87]
淮南朱集矿	718	—	[107]
美国	334.2	—	[84]

煤矸石中有价关键金属活化提取研究进展

Research progress on activation extraction of valuable metals in coal gangue

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