化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (7): 2783-2799.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230260
康超1,2(), 乔金鹏1,2(), 杨胜超1,2, 彭超1,2, 付元鹏3, 刘斌4, 刘建荣5, Aleksandrova Tatiana6, 段晨龙1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-03-20
修回日期:
2023-06-15
出版日期:
2023-07-05
发布日期:
2023-08-31
通讯作者:
乔金鹏,段晨龙
作者简介:
康超(1999—),男,硕士研究生,3310637329@qq.com
基金资助:
Chao KANG1,2(), Jinpeng QIAO1,2(), Shengchao YANG1,2, Chao PENG1,2, Yuanpeng FU3, Bin LIU4, Jianrong LIU5, Aleksandrova TATIANA6, Chenlong DUAN1,2()
Received:
2023-03-20
Revised:
2023-06-15
Online:
2023-07-05
Published:
2023-08-31
Contact:
Jinpeng QIAO, Chenlong DUAN
摘要:
煤矸石是煤炭开采洗选过程中的固体废弃物,是我国产储量最大的工业固废之一,回收利用其中潜在的矿产资源对实现我国绿色矿山建设及“双碳”目标达成意义重大。通过综合分析国内外现阶段煤矸石提取有价金属相关技术,系统阐述了“单一/复合活化-碱熔/酸浸”联合强化铝、铁等有价组分高效富集研究进展,重点分析了锂、稀土等微量关键金属的赋存状态及提取方法。针对煤矸石组分复杂且波动范围大、有价金属含量低等问题,可基于矿物特性采用相应选矿技术初步富集载体矿物,提升有价金属品位,进而开展铝、铁、锂、稀土等多种元素协同提取,实现煤矸石高附加值利用。
中图分类号:
康超, 乔金鹏, 杨胜超, 彭超, 付元鹏, 刘斌, 刘建荣, Aleksandrova Tatiana, 段晨龙. 煤矸石中有价关键金属活化提取研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2783-2799.
Chao KANG, Jinpeng QIAO, Shengchao YANG, Chao PENG, Yuanpeng FU, Bin LIU, Jianrong LIU, Aleksandrova TATIANA, Chenlong DUAN. Research progress on activation extraction of valuable metals in coal gangue[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2783-2799.
矸石产地 | 主要氧化物质量分数/% | 岩石类型 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | ||
河北唐山 | 51.30 | 21.83 | 6.43 | 3.53 | 2.24 | SiO2:40%~70% Al2O3:15%~30% 属岩土矸石 |
河北邯郸 | 52.26 | 30.09 | 5.78 | 2.58 | 0.62 | |
黑龙江鸡西 | 64.67 | 23.28 | 3.97 | 0.32 | 1.06 | |
辽宁阜新 | 61.13 | 17.71 | 10.32 | 5.02 | 4.38 | |
山东淄博 | 57.87 | 18.90 | 6.17 | 4.17 | 8.27 | |
安徽淮北 | 60.16 | 24.19 | 4.86 | 0.61 | 0.89 | |
安徽淮南 | 61.29 | 29.75 | 4.35 | 0.76 | 0.63 | |
江西萍乡 | 68.84 | 21.33 | 2.68 | 0.46 | 1.27 | |
陕西渭南 | 50.15 | 23.78 | 5.82 | 2.21 | 0.81 | |
江苏徐州 | 45.73 | 38.69 | 0.47 | 0.09 | 0.16 | |
贵州六盘水 | 42.27 | 15.56 | 19.97 | 1.70 | 2.04 | |
河南平顶山 | 63.34 | 25.56 | 4.76 | 1.07 | 0.49 | |
甘肃张掖 | 89.20 | 1.54 | 1.59 | 7.23 | 0.01 | SiO2>70% 属砂岩矸石 |
湖南娄底 | 90.45 | 0.36 | 2.59 | 0.14 | 0 | |
新疆昌吉 | 70.25 | 4.68 | 1.01 | 1.22 | 1.10 | |
内蒙古乌海 | 50.72 | 44.17 | 1.88 | 0.71 | 0.51 | Al2O3>40% 属铝质岩矸石 |
内蒙古准格尔 | 42.72 | 47.79 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 0.40 | |
辽宁葫芦岛 | 49.14 | 40.68 | 1.93 | 0.72 | 0.13 | |
山西长治 | 53.96 | 42.40 | 0.96 | 0.56 | 0.50 | |
山东济宁 | 1.69 | 1.13 | 2.60 | 86.09 | 1.78 | CaO>30% 属钙质岩矸石 |
云南红河州 | 14.28 | 2.93 | 4.98 | 68.60 | 1.40 |
表1 我国典型煤矸石化学组成[5-7]
Table 1 Chemical compositions of representative coal gangue in China[5-7]
矸石产地 | 主要氧化物质量分数/% | 岩石类型 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | ||
河北唐山 | 51.30 | 21.83 | 6.43 | 3.53 | 2.24 | SiO2:40%~70% Al2O3:15%~30% 属岩土矸石 |
河北邯郸 | 52.26 | 30.09 | 5.78 | 2.58 | 0.62 | |
黑龙江鸡西 | 64.67 | 23.28 | 3.97 | 0.32 | 1.06 | |
辽宁阜新 | 61.13 | 17.71 | 10.32 | 5.02 | 4.38 | |
山东淄博 | 57.87 | 18.90 | 6.17 | 4.17 | 8.27 | |
安徽淮北 | 60.16 | 24.19 | 4.86 | 0.61 | 0.89 | |
安徽淮南 | 61.29 | 29.75 | 4.35 | 0.76 | 0.63 | |
江西萍乡 | 68.84 | 21.33 | 2.68 | 0.46 | 1.27 | |
陕西渭南 | 50.15 | 23.78 | 5.82 | 2.21 | 0.81 | |
江苏徐州 | 45.73 | 38.69 | 0.47 | 0.09 | 0.16 | |
贵州六盘水 | 42.27 | 15.56 | 19.97 | 1.70 | 2.04 | |
河南平顶山 | 63.34 | 25.56 | 4.76 | 1.07 | 0.49 | |
甘肃张掖 | 89.20 | 1.54 | 1.59 | 7.23 | 0.01 | SiO2>70% 属砂岩矸石 |
湖南娄底 | 90.45 | 0.36 | 2.59 | 0.14 | 0 | |
新疆昌吉 | 70.25 | 4.68 | 1.01 | 1.22 | 1.10 | |
内蒙古乌海 | 50.72 | 44.17 | 1.88 | 0.71 | 0.51 | Al2O3>40% 属铝质岩矸石 |
内蒙古准格尔 | 42.72 | 47.79 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 0.40 | |
辽宁葫芦岛 | 49.14 | 40.68 | 1.93 | 0.72 | 0.13 | |
山西长治 | 53.96 | 42.40 | 0.96 | 0.56 | 0.50 | |
山东济宁 | 1.69 | 1.13 | 2.60 | 86.09 | 1.78 | CaO>30% 属钙质岩矸石 |
云南红河州 | 14.28 | 2.93 | 4.98 | 68.60 | 1.40 |
元素 | 分布区 | 含量/(μg/g) | 主要赋存形式 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Li | 山西平朔矿区 | 166 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ |
山西阳泉矿区 | 169.8 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ | |
内蒙古准格尔矿区 | 160 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ | |
重庆草堂矿区 | 291.46 | 高岭石 | [ | |
广西扶绥矿区 | 97.94 | 高岭石 | [ | |
贵州桥溪河矿区 | 288 | 高岭石 | [ | |
Ga | 山西平朔矿区 | 40.01 | 黏土矿物 | [ |
山西大同矿区 | 45.40 | 黏土矿物 | [ | |
内蒙古准格尔矿区 | 44 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ | |
贵州桥溪河矿区 | 55.2 | 黏土矿物 | [ | |
Nb | 山西安太堡矿区 | 74.8 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ |
四川古叙矿区 | 45.38 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ | |
广西合山矿区 | 50 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ | |
重庆松藻矿区 | 169 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ | |
贵州桥溪河矿区 | 267 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ |
表2 中国煤中锂、镓、铌含量及赋存形式
Table 2 Lithium, gallium, and niobium content and occurrence in Chinese coal
元素 | 分布区 | 含量/(μg/g) | 主要赋存形式 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Li | 山西平朔矿区 | 166 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ |
山西阳泉矿区 | 169.8 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ | |
内蒙古准格尔矿区 | 160 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ | |
重庆草堂矿区 | 291.46 | 高岭石 | [ | |
广西扶绥矿区 | 97.94 | 高岭石 | [ | |
贵州桥溪河矿区 | 288 | 高岭石 | [ | |
Ga | 山西平朔矿区 | 40.01 | 黏土矿物 | [ |
山西大同矿区 | 45.40 | 黏土矿物 | [ | |
内蒙古准格尔矿区 | 44 | 硅酸盐矿物 | [ | |
贵州桥溪河矿区 | 55.2 | 黏土矿物 | [ | |
Nb | 山西安太堡矿区 | 74.8 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ |
四川古叙矿区 | 45.38 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ | |
广西合山矿区 | 50 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ | |
重庆松藻矿区 | 169 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ | |
贵州桥溪河矿区 | 267 | 锆石、锐钛矿 | [ |
地区 | 稀土元素含量/(μg/g) | 主要赋存形式 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
山西孝义 | 85 | 硅酸盐态 | [ |
山西平朔 | 186 | 硅酸盐态 | [ |
太原杜儿平矿 | 96.65~379.05 | 黏土矿物 | [ |
太原马兰矿夹矸 | 346.85 | — | [ |
宁夏石炭井 | 422.81 | 硅铝化合物 | [ |
宁夏石嘴山 | 255.75 | 硅铝化合物 | [ |
重庆中梁山 | 1515 | 主要以磷铝铈矿和独居石的形式存在,部分呈离子吸附态 | [ |
内蒙古哈尔乌素煤矿 | 128.4 | 硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐态 | [ |
内蒙古准格尔煤矿 | 664.18 | 非晶态相 | [ |
内蒙古准格尔 某选煤厂 | 76.59 | 高岭石 | [ |
淮南朱集矿 | 718 | — | [ |
美国 | 334.2 | — | [ |
表3 煤矸石中稀土元素含量及赋存形式
Table 3 Rare earth elements content and occurrence in coal gangue
地区 | 稀土元素含量/(μg/g) | 主要赋存形式 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
山西孝义 | 85 | 硅酸盐态 | [ |
山西平朔 | 186 | 硅酸盐态 | [ |
太原杜儿平矿 | 96.65~379.05 | 黏土矿物 | [ |
太原马兰矿夹矸 | 346.85 | — | [ |
宁夏石炭井 | 422.81 | 硅铝化合物 | [ |
宁夏石嘴山 | 255.75 | 硅铝化合物 | [ |
重庆中梁山 | 1515 | 主要以磷铝铈矿和独居石的形式存在,部分呈离子吸附态 | [ |
内蒙古哈尔乌素煤矿 | 128.4 | 硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐态 | [ |
内蒙古准格尔煤矿 | 664.18 | 非晶态相 | [ |
内蒙古准格尔 某选煤厂 | 76.59 | 高岭石 | [ |
淮南朱集矿 | 718 | — | [ |
美国 | 334.2 | — | [ |
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