高温热泵的循环、工质研究及应用展望

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220995

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

能源使用结构的不合理会造成资源短缺和环境破坏。在制造业大国中，工业是能源消耗最大的部门，其用能转型受到广泛关注。能满足工业用热需求的高温热泵是推动工业用能清洁化、电气化的重要一环。高温热泵的构建主要围绕循环和工质两方面展开。在循环结构方面，梳理了压缩式、吸收式、压缩-吸收混合式高温热泵，提炼出了每项研究中热泵能实现的工作温度范围，总结了不同循环结构下系统需要的热源温度及能实现的温升幅度，从热源品位和用热温度需求的角度为高温热泵循环结构的选择提供参考。在工质方面，梳理了它的演变和替代过程，根据工质特点分析了其适宜的工作温区，总结了工质的筛选原则。最后，对高温热泵的应用场景进行了展望，除用于工业过程外，还可以帮助构建卡诺电池，实现电能-热能-电能的存储与转化。

关键词: 高温热泵, 循环结构, 工质, 适用性分析, 应用场景

Abstract:

The unreasonable energy consumption will lead to the shortage of resource and the damage of environment. Among large manufacturing countries, industry is the sector with the largest energy consumption, and its energy use transformation has received extensive attention. The high temperature heat pump which can meet the industrial heat demand is essential to promote the clean and electrification of industrial energy consumption. The establishment of high temperature heat pump mainly focuses on two aspects: cycle configuration and working fluid. In cycle configuration, compression, absorption, and hybrid compression-absorption high temperature heat pumps are sorted out; the working temperature range of the heat pump in each study is extracted; the heat source temperature and temperature lift in different cycle configurations are summarized; and a selection guideline of cycle configurations according to the condition of heat source and users' temperature demand is provided. As for working fluids, their evolution process is sorted out; the suitable working temperature region is analyzed according to their characteristics, and the screening principles of working fluids are summarized. Finally, the application scenarios of high temperature heat pump are prospected. Besides being used in industrial processes, it can also be involved in Carnot batteries to achieve the storage and conversion of electricity-heat-electricity.

Key words: high temperature heat pump, cycle configurations, working fluids, adaptability analysis, application scenarios

中图分类号:

TB 61

董益秀, 王如竹. 高温热泵的循环、工质研究及应用展望[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 133-144.

Yixiu DONG, Ruzhu WANG. High temperature heat pump: cycle configurations, working fluids and application potentials[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(1): 133-144.

图/表 5

图1 高温热泵循环结构

Fig.1 The cycle configurations of high temperature heat pump

表1 传统高温热泵工质及其替代品

Table 1 Traditional working fluids of high temperature heat pumps and their alternatives

传统工质	替代品	文献
R114、R123、R142b、R124	HCs（例如：R290、R600、R601）	[56, 58]
R114	R744/R600或R744/R600a	[59]
R134	R1234yf、R1234ze	[60]
R245fa	R1224yd(Z)、R1234ze(E)、R1233zd(E)、R1336mzz(Z)、R600、R601	[57, 61-62]

图3 工质的筛选标准

Fig.3 The selection criteria of working fluids

图4 高温热泵应用案例

Fig.4 The applications of high temperature heat pump

图5 卡诺电池原理图[86]

Fig.5 The working principle of Carnot battery[86]

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