表面微结构对析晶沉积特性影响的格子Boltzmann模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221605

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

析晶污垢是一种普遍存在于换热设备中的有害结晶，损耗设备的换热性能。在换热表面设置粗糙微结构对流动和换热影响显著，也使得表面的析晶污垢沉积机理变得十分复杂。基于析晶沉积动力学理论，建立了有限差分-格子动力学耦合模型，对碳酸钙在微细通道换热表面的沉积特性进行分析，并讨论表面微结构单元的分布间距和高度对结垢行为的影响。结果表明，建立的有限差分-格子动力学耦合模型能够有效模拟微结构背风面的局部涡流和换热表面的结垢过程；微结构分布间距的缩减和高度的增加均会明显使高壁温区域的析晶沉积过程由表面反应主导转变为传质扩散主导；与光滑换热表面的析晶沉积工况对比，微结构的设置及高度增加使换热表面污垢沉积量增多，相邻微结构间的涡也随沉积时间逐渐变小。

关键词: 格子Boltzmann, 传热, 反应动力学, 沉积物, 微结构

Abstract:

Crystallization fouling is a type of harmful crystals that commonly exists in heat exchange equipment, which deteriorates heat transfer performance. Setting rough microstructures on the heat exchange surface has a significant impact on the flow and heat transfer, and also makes the deposition mechanism of crystallization fouling on the surface complicated. In this paper, a finite difference-lattice dynamic coupling model is established to analyze the deposition characteristics of calcium carbonate on the heat exchange surface of microchannels based on the theory of crystallization deposition kinetics. The influence of the microstructure spacing and height on the fouling behavior is discussed. The results show that the finite difference-lattice dynamic coupling model proposed can effectively simulate the local eddy current on the leeward side of the microstructure and scaling process of heat exchange surface. The decrease of the spacing and the increase of the height of the microstructure will obviously alter the domination of crystallization deposition process from surface reaction to mass transfer in the high-temperature wall area. Compared with the case of the smooth surface, the presence and increasing height of the microstructure facilitates the fouling deposition on the heat exchange surface, and the vortex between adjacent microstructures decreases gradually with the deposition time.

Key words: lattice Boltzmann, heat transfer, reaction kinetics, deposition, microstructure

中图分类号:

O 795

程成, 段钟弟, 孙浩然, 胡海涛, 薛鸿祥. 表面微结构对析晶沉积特性影响的格子Boltzmann模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 74-86.

Cheng CHENG, Zhongdi DUAN, Haoran SUN, Haitao HU, Hongxiang XUE. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of surface microstructure effect on crystallization fouling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 74-86.

图/表 15

图1 析晶沉积机理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the crystallization fouling mechanisms

图2 基于VOP方法的流固相更新示意图

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of fluid-solid phase updating based on VOP method

表1 数值模型的常量设置

Table 1 Constant settings for numerical models

参数	数值	文献
运动黏度υ_f/(m²/s)	1×10^-6	—
扩散系数D_s/(m²/s)	0.79×10^-9	[30]
析晶常数k₀/(m⁴/（kg·s²))	1.65×10²²	[8]
活化能E_a/(kJ/mol)	179	[8]
气体常数R/(J/(mol·K))	8.314	—
流体密度ρ_l /(kg/m³)	971	[8]
碳酸钙密度ρ_crystal/(kg/m³)	2870	[8]
流体热导率λ_l /(W/(m·K))	0.66	[8]
碳酸钙热导率λ_crystal/(W/(m·K))	5.09	[8]

图3 模型求解流程图

Fig.3 Model simulation program flowchart

图4 理论模型与数值模型的结果对比

Fig.4 Comparison between theoretical and numerical model

图5 微结构背风面涡示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of leeward vortex of microstructure

图6 表面障碍物的涡结构对比验证

Fig.6 Comparison and verification of vortex behind obstacles

表2 微结构单元附近旋涡长度对比验证

Table 2 Validation of vortex length near microstructural elements

入口流速u_in/ (m/s)	Vortex length in LBM/mm	Vortex length in Comsol/mm
0.01	0.4398	0.4608
0.02	0.6854	0.6550
0.03	0.9029	0.8468
0.04	1.1041	1.0596
0.05	1.3053	1.2094

表3 不同间距与高度的微结构设置工况

Table 3 Microstructure cases with different spacing and height

计算工况	数量n	相邻微结构间距d/mm	微结构横截面高h/mm	微结构横截面宽w/mm	首个微结构与入口距离L_in/mm
case_d or case_h	10	2	0.4	0.4	6
case_+d	4	6	0.4	0.4	6
case_-d	19	1	0.4	0.4	6
case_-h	10	2	0.2	0.4	6
case_+h	10	2	0.6	0.4	6

图7 通道内部稳态速度、浓度和温度场云图

Fig.7 Cloud image of steady-state velocity, concentration and temperature fields inside the channel

图8 浓度云图及Da分布

Fig.8 Concentration cloud map and Da distribution

图9 不同间距工况下的析晶沉积速率曲线图

Fig.9 Plot of crystallization deposition rate under different spacing conditions

图10 不同高度工况下的析晶沉积速率曲线图

Fig.10 Plot of crystallization deposition rate under different height conditions

表4 不同高度微结构设置下的析晶生长工况

Table 4 Crystallization growth cases under different height microstructure settings

计算工况	数量n	相邻微结构间距d/ mm	微结构横截面高h/ mm	微结构横截面宽w/ mm	首个微结构与入口距离L_in/ mm
case_1	0	—	—	—	—
case_2	19	1	0.4	0.1	6
case_3	19	1	0.6	0.1	6
case_4	19	1	0.8	0.1	6

图11 不同微结构高度下沉积时间为18 h的浓度云图

Fig.11 Concentration cloud image of 18 h deposition time under different microstructure heights

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