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收稿日期:
2023-12-04
修回日期:
2024-03-12
出版日期:
2024-03-18
通讯作者:
王世学
作者简介:
王金山(1993—),男,博士研究生,wangjinshanwly@tju.edu.cn
基金资助:
Jinshan WANG1(), Shixue WANG1,2(), Yu ZHU1,2
Received:
2023-12-04
Revised:
2024-03-12
Online:
2024-03-18
Contact:
Shixue WANG
摘要:
通过建立高温质子交换膜燃料电池数学模型,模拟了冷却表面存在不同温差时燃料电池内热-电-质的传输特性,分析了温差对电池内温度分布、氧浓度分布、极化曲线、膜质子电导率和电流密度的影响。结果表明:膜内温度和质子电导率随着冷却表面温度的降低而降低;催化层内的局部氧浓度随着冷却表面温差(即温度梯度)的增大而增大,但电流密度受温度及反应物浓度双重因素影响,电流密度及功率密度随着温度梯度的增大而下降。当冷却表面温度梯度从0增加至0.82 K/cm时,峰值功率密度从0.578 W/cm2下降到0.523 W/cm2,下降了9.52%。控制工作电压大于0.5 V、温度梯度小于0.20 K/cm时可获得较好的电流密度均匀性。当工作电压为0.5 V,冷却表面温度梯度为0.20 K/cm时,电流密度均匀性为92.71%。
中图分类号:
王金山, 王世学, 朱禹. 冷却表面温差对高温质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231282.
Jinshan WANG, Shixue WANG, Yu ZHU. Influence of cooling surface temperature difference on the high temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performance[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231282.
守恒方程 | 表达式 | 源项 |
---|---|---|
质量 | ||
物质 | ||
动量 | ||
电荷 | ||
能量 |
表1 HT-PEMFC数学模型及源项表达式[28-29]
Table 1 HT-PEMFC mathematical model and source terms[28-29]
守恒方程 | 表达式 | 源项 |
---|---|---|
质量 | ||
物质 | ||
动量 | ||
电荷 | ||
能量 |
参数 | 数值 | 文献 |
---|---|---|
流道宽度、高度、脊宽度/m | 1×10-3、1×10-3、1×10-3 | [ |
膜、催化层、扩散层厚度/m | 5×10-5、1×10-5、2.25×10-4 | [ |
催化层中电解液分数 | 0.21 | [ |
催化层和扩散层孔隙率 | 0.4、0.6 | [ |
PEM、CL、GDL和BP密度/(kg/m3) | 1300、2145、1800、2266 | [ |
PEM、CL、GDL和BP比热容/(J/(kg·K)) | 1650、3300、568、2930 | [ |
PEM、CL、GDL和BP导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | 0.95、1.5、1.2、20 | [ |
CL、GDL和BP材料的电导率/(S/m) | 500、1000、20000 | [ |
氢气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
氧气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
水蒸气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
氮气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
氢气动力粘度/(Pa·s) | [ | |
氧气动力粘度/(Pa·s) | [ | |
水蒸气动力粘度/(Pa·s) | [ | |
氢气扩散系数/(m2/s) | [ | |
氧气扩散系数/(m2/s) | [ | |
水蒸气扩散系数/(m2/s) | [ | |
磷酸掺杂水平 | 10 | [ |
阳极、阴极传递系数 | 0.5、0.45 | [ |
氢气、氧气参考摩尔浓度/(mol/m3) | 40.88、40.88 | [ |
表2 HT-PEMFC数学模型及几何结构参数
Table 2 Parameters in the mathematical model and structure of HT-PEMFC
参数 | 数值 | 文献 |
---|---|---|
流道宽度、高度、脊宽度/m | 1×10-3、1×10-3、1×10-3 | [ |
膜、催化层、扩散层厚度/m | 5×10-5、1×10-5、2.25×10-4 | [ |
催化层中电解液分数 | 0.21 | [ |
催化层和扩散层孔隙率 | 0.4、0.6 | [ |
PEM、CL、GDL和BP密度/(kg/m3) | 1300、2145、1800、2266 | [ |
PEM、CL、GDL和BP比热容/(J/(kg·K)) | 1650、3300、568、2930 | [ |
PEM、CL、GDL和BP导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | 0.95、1.5、1.2、20 | [ |
CL、GDL和BP材料的电导率/(S/m) | 500、1000、20000 | [ |
氢气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
氧气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
水蒸气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
氮气导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | [ | |
氢气动力粘度/(Pa·s) | [ | |
氧气动力粘度/(Pa·s) | [ | |
水蒸气动力粘度/(Pa·s) | [ | |
氢气扩散系数/(m2/s) | [ | |
氧气扩散系数/(m2/s) | [ | |
水蒸气扩散系数/(m2/s) | [ | |
磷酸掺杂水平 | 10 | [ |
阳极、阴极传递系数 | 0.5、0.45 | [ |
氢气、氧气参考摩尔浓度/(mol/m3) | 40.88、40.88 | [ |
温差/K | 温度梯度/(K/cm) | a | b |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 433.15 |
5 | 0.10 | 102.04 | 428.10 |
10 | 0.20 | 204.08 | 423.05 |
20 | 0.41 | 408.16 | 412.95 |
30 | 0.61 | 612.24 | 402.84 |
40 | 0.82 | 816.33 | 392.74 |
表3 冷却表面温度分布函数参数
Table 3 Temperature distribution function parameters in cooling surface
温差/K | 温度梯度/(K/cm) | a | b |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 433.15 |
5 | 0.10 | 102.04 | 428.10 |
10 | 0.20 | 204.08 | 423.05 |
20 | 0.41 | 408.16 | 412.95 |
30 | 0.61 | 612.24 | 402.84 |
40 | 0.82 | 816.33 | 392.74 |
图3 膜中心面温度和质子电导率分布、催化层中心面氧浓度及电流密度分布:(a-d) 0 K温差,(e-h) 40 K温差
Fig.3 Temperature and proton conductivity distribution at the membrane center plane, oxygen concentration and current density distribution at the CL center plane: temperature difference (a-d) 0 K, (e-h) 40 K
图7 不同冷却表面温差时的(a)极化曲线和功率密度曲线和(b)电流密度变化率
Fig.7 Different cooling surface temperature difference: (a) polarization curves and power density curves and (b) current density change rate
图8 不同温差时(a)膜质子电导率均匀性和(b)电流密度均匀性
Fig. 8 Different cooling surface temperature difference: (a) membrane proton conductivity uniformity and (b) current density uniformity
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