高黏体系中纳米颗粒稳定气泡的形变及破裂行为

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用高速摄像机研究了微通道内高黏流体中纳米颗粒稳定的气泡在流动过程中的形态及其对下游对称Y型分叉口处气泡破裂的影响。在直通道内运动气泡呈现出三种形态：弹状、哑铃状和手榴弹状，气泡的形态主要受分散相流率的影响。Y型分岔口处气泡的破裂流型主要为部分阻塞破裂，吸附有纳米颗粒的气泡的破裂周期较常规气泡更大，其破裂周期之差ΔT_b随Ca变化呈现出三种不同的规律：（1）当Ca > 0.042时，ΔT_b为正，且与Ca呈正相关；当Ca < 0.042时存在两种情况：（2） ΔT_b为正，与Ca呈负相关；（3） ΔT_b为负，与Ca呈正相关。此外，变形气泡在Y型分叉口呈现非对称破裂行为，其破裂的非对称性与气泡的变形程度相关，当Ca大于临界毛细管数Ca_Cr时，气泡尾部直径减小的速度加快，从而加剧了气泡的变形，气泡破裂的非对称性显著增大。研究表明，吸附纳米颗粒的气泡与无颗粒体系中气泡的Ca_Cr值相同，但吸附有纳米颗粒的手榴弹状气泡的形变程度更大，破裂的非对称性也更明显。

关键词: 微通道, 气泡, 纳米颗粒, 破裂, 高黏流体

Abstract:

The morphology of nanoparticle-stabilized bubbles during the flow process in high viscosity fluid in microchannels and its influence on the rupture of downstream bubbles at the symmetric Y-junction were studied using a high-speed camera. Three shapes of moving bubbles in the straight channel were observed: slug bubble, dumbbell bubble, and grenade bubble, and the bubble shape was mainly affected by the flow rate of the dispersed phase. The breakup flow pattern of the bubbles at the Y-junction is mainly breakup with partial blockage. The breakup period of bubbles adsorbing nanoparticles is larger than that of bubbles without nanoparticles, and the difference of their breakup period ΔT_b shows three different rules: (1) ΔT_b is positive and positive correlation with Ca when Ca > 0.042; there are two cases when Ca < 0.042: (2) ΔT_b is positive and negative correlation with Ca; (3) ΔT_b is negative and positive correlation with Ca. In addition, the deformed bubbles show asymmetric rupture behavior at the Y-junction, and the asymmetry of their breakup is related to the degree of deformation of the bubbles. When Ca is larger than the critical capillary number Ca_Cr, the reduction rate of diameter at the tail of the bubbles accelerates, which exacerbates the deformation of the bubbles and causes more significantly asymmetric breakups of the bubbles. the results show that the Ca_Cr value of bubbles adsorbing nanoparticles is the same as that of bubbles in the particle-free system, but grenade bubbles adsorbing nanoparticles show a greater degree of deformation and more obvious breakup asymmetry.

Key words: microchannels, bubbles, nanoparticles, breakup, high viscosity fluid

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

赵赫, 费滢洁, 朱春英, 付涛涛, 马友光. 高黏体系中纳米颗粒稳定气泡的形变及破裂行为[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240210.

He ZHAO, Yingjie FEI, Chunying ZHU, Taotao FU, Youguang MA. Deformation and breakup behavior of nanoparticle-stabilized bubbles in high-viscosity systems[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240210.

图/表 15

图1 直通道结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of straight microchannel

图2 实验装置

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental set-up

图3 （a）手榴弹状气泡；（b）哑铃状气泡；（c）弹状气泡

Fig.3 (a) Grenade bubble; (b) Dumbbell bubble; (c) Slug bubble

图4 纳米流体中气泡形态流型图 (数据点为纳米流体体系，点划线表示无颗粒流体中弹状气泡转为哑铃状气泡的转变线，虚线表示无颗粒流体中哑铃状气泡转为手榴弹状气泡的转变线)

Fig.4 Flow pattern diagram of bubble shape in nanofluid (data for nanofluid system, dot-dash line is transition line from slug bubbles to dumbbell bubbles in particle-free fluid, dash line is transition line from dumbbell bubbles to grenade bubbles in particle-free fluid).

图5 气泡表面壳体结构示意图

Figure.5 Schematic representation of NPs shells at the air–liquid interfaces

图6 直通道中气泡形态演化过程

Fig. 6 Evolution of bubble shape in straight channel

图7 分散相流量对气泡头尾部曲率的影响（Qc= 1.8 ml·min-1）注:Rhombus: particle-free fluid system, triangle: nanofluid system; solid symbols: slug bubbles, hollow symbols: dumbbell bubbles, semi-solid symbols: grenade bubbles.菱形:无颗粒流体体系,三角形:纳米流体体系;实心符号:弹状气泡,空心符号:哑铃状气泡,半实心符号:手榴弹状气泡

Fig.7 Effect of dispersed phase flow rate on curvatures of bubble head and tail (Qc = 1.8 ml·min-1).

图8 纳米颗粒稳定气泡和常规气泡实际速度的对比

Fig.8 Comparison of velocities between nanoparticle-stabilized bubbles and conventional bubbles

图9 Y型分岔口处纳米颗粒稳定气泡的破裂过程

Fig.9 Breakup process of nanoparticle-stabilized bubble at Y-junction

图10 两类气泡破裂周期之差ΔTb随Ca的变化

Fig.10 Variation of difference of the breakup periods between two types of bubbles ΔTb with Ca

图11 Y型分岔口气泡破裂过程中最小颈部宽度随时间的演化（Qc = 1.0 ml·min-1，Qd = 1.0 ml·min-1）

Fig.11 Evolution of minimum neck width with time for the breakup of bubble in the microfluidic Y-junction. （Qc = 1.0 ml·min-1，Qd = 1.0 ml·min-1）

图12 Y型分岔口气泡破裂过程中最小颈部宽度的减薄速率随时间的演化（Qc = 1.0 ml·min-1，Qd = 1.0 ml·min-1）

Fig.12 Evolution of the thinning rate of minimum neck width with time for the breakup of bubble in the microfluidic Y-junction. （Qc = 1.0 ml·min-1，Qd = 1.0 ml·min-1）

图13 颈部突然细化阶段时两类气泡颈部曲线的对比（Qc = 1.0 ml·min-1，Qd = 1.0 ml·min-1）

Fig.13 Comparison of neck curves of two types of bubble during the sudden thinning stage of the neck. （Qc = 1.0 ml·min-1，Qd = 1.0 ml·min-1）

图14 参数定义图。(a) 形变因子；(b) 破裂不对称因子

Fig.14 Definition of the relevant parameters for the grenade bubble. (a) Deformation index; (b) breakup asymmetry index.

图15 形变因子和不对称因子随Ca的变化

Fig.15 Variation of deformation index and asymmetry index.

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