CFD-DEM-IBM方法探究流化床倾斜挡板内构件受力特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231148

化工学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (1): 255-267.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231148

CFD-DEM-IBM方法探究流化床倾斜挡板内构件受力特性

赵碧丹¹^,²(), 代伊杨¹^,³, 王军武¹^,²(), 张永民³()

^1.中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，北京 100190
^2.中国科学院大学化学工程学院，北京 100049
^3.中国石油大学（北京）重质油国家重点实验室，北京 102249

收稿日期:2023-11-08 修回日期:2023-12-19 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-03-11
通讯作者: 王军武,张永民
作者简介:赵碧丹（1990—），女，博士，副研究员，bdzhao@ipe.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA29040200);中国科学技术协会青年人才托举工程项目(2022QNRC001);国家自然科学基金项目(22378399);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB1715500)

CFD-DEM-IBM simulation on force characteristic on inclined-surface baffles in fluidized beds

Bidan ZHAO¹^,²(), Yiyang DAI¹^,³, Junwu WANG¹^,²(), Yongmin ZHANG³()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^2.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2023-11-08 Revised:2023-12-19 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-03-11
Contact: Junwu WANG, Yongmin ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在密相床层内安装内构件可显著改善工业流化床的流化质量、强化气固传质和提高化学反应效率。由于长时间受气体和颗粒的挤压和冲击，流化床内构件可能会发生变形或断裂。为实现流化床内构件设计的科学性，确保其长周期可靠性，需要明确其受力机理与不同操作条件下受力特性。利用粗粒化CFD-DEM-IBM方法，实现了利用笛卡儿网格模拟流化床中倾斜挡板内构件受力特性的定量模拟，该方法拓展原有挡板应力统计方法，获得了不同倾斜角度对挡板所受应力的定量影响规律。模拟所得挡板受力随时间的演化曲线与实验报道较为一致，在流化床启动阶段会出现较大的峰值，同时成功复现在启动阶段的峰值受力总体与挡板在水平面上的投影面积成正比。模拟结果显示，在启动阶段，挡板受力中颗粒挤压作用力占主导，但在流化阶段，除颗粒作用力达到极大值外的大部分时间中挡板受到的气相压差力要大于颗粒作用力。当挡板倾斜角度较小时，挡板受力较大但抑制床内返混效果较好，因此在工业流化床内构件设计中应兼顾强化传递及长周期可靠性的需求，当挡板倾斜角度较小时应选择强度大的挡板材料。

关键词: 气泡, 流化床, 数值模拟, 挡板内构件, 固相应力

Abstract:

Installing internal components in the dense-phase bed can significantly improve the fluidization quality of the industrial fluidized bed, enhance gas-solid mass transfer and improve chemical reaction efficiency. Due to the instantaneous impulse and long-term erosion of gases and particles, the internal components may deform or fracture. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend their mechanical characteristics to optimize the design and implementation of the internal components of the fluidized bed. This article presents coarse-grained CFD-DEM-IBM simulation on the forces exerted on an inclined baffle using Cartesian grids. Furthermore, it extends the current stress statistical methodology to analyze the stress on baffles with varying tilt angles. The simulation results are compared to the experimental results, revealing that the simulated force curve of the baffle matches well in both trend and numerical values. Specifically, the particle force dominates the combined force acting on the baffle at the start-up stage, but during the normal fluidization stage, except for the maximum particle force, the gas phase pressure difference acting on the baffle is greater than the particle force for most of the time. As the tilt angle of the baffle decrease, the force acting on the baffle increases and the ability to inhibit the back-mixing enhances, so it is recommended to select a mechanically stronger baffle with the small inclination angle.

Key words: bubble, fluidized bed, numerical simulation, baffle, solid stress

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

赵碧丹, 代伊杨, 王军武, 张永民. CFD-DEM-IBM方法探究流化床倾斜挡板内构件受力特性[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(1): 255-267.

Bidan ZHAO, Yiyang DAI, Junwu WANG, Yongmin ZHANG. CFD-DEM-IBM simulation on force characteristic on inclined-surface baffles in fluidized beds[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(1): 255-267.

图/表 13

图1 弹簧-阻尼器模型示意图[42]

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of spring-damper model[42]

图2 IBM方法示意图[45]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram for IBM[45]

图3 (a)挡板与颗粒接触示意图;(b)使用“虚拟平面法”等效后的示意图[36]

Fig.3 (a) Schematic diagram of contact between baffle and particles; (b) Schematic diagram of contact between an imaginary plane and particles in dense bed[36]

图4 （a）模拟中简化后的流化床几何结构（红色为颗粒相）；（b）倾斜挡板与流体网格的关系（绿色表示挡板上表面，黄色表示挡板下表面）；（c）IBM方法识别后的流体网格（红）和固体+IBM网格（蓝）

Fig.4 (a) The simplified geometric structure of the fluidized bed in the simulation with red indicating the particle phase; (b) The relationship between inclined baffles and fluid grids (The upper surface of the baffle is colored by green, and the lower surface is colored by yellow); (c) Fluid grid (red) and solid+IBM grid (blue) identified by IBM method

表1 流化床中的参数设置

Table 1 Parameter settings in fluidized beds

项目	参数	数值
床内网格数	L_x ×L_y ×L_z	300×300×2200
挡板网格数	l_x ×l_y ×l_z	60×300×30
颗粒	Sauter平均颗粒直径/μm	595
	密度/（kg/m³）	2906
	最小流态化时空隙率	0.47
	最小流化速度/（m/s）	0.33
	球形度	0.86
	颗粒粗粒化率	5
	粗粒化后床内颗粒总数	3439103
	非弹性碰撞恢复系数	0.9
	滑动摩擦系数	0.3
	滚动摩擦系数	0.01
	特征速度/（m/s）	0.5
	杨氏模量/Pa	1×10⁸
	泊松比	0.3
	时间步长/s	1×10^-5
	静止堆积床高/m	1
气体	密度/（kg/m³）	1.2
	黏度/（Pa·s）	1.8×10^-5
	表观气速/（m/s）	0.6
	出口压力/Pa	101325
	CFD网格大小/mm	10×10×10
	时间步长/s	1×10^-4

图5 不同倾斜角度挡板床时均空隙率分布云图

Fig.5 Time average void fraction distribution of baffled beds with different inclination angles

图6 不同倾斜角度挡板床时均空隙率沿轴向分布情况

Fig.6 Axial distribution of time average void fraction in baffled beds with different inclination angles

图7 不同倾斜角度挡板床时均颗粒速度矢量分布云图

Fig.7 Time averaged particle velocity vector distribution in baffled beds with different inclination angles

图8 不同倾斜角度挡板受到气相压差力随时间变化趋势

Fig.8 The trend of gas pressure difference force on different inclined angles baffle over time

图9 不同倾斜角度挡板受到颗粒作用力随时间变化趋势

Fig. 9 The trend of particle force on different inclined angles baffle over time

图10 挡板受到的气相压差力峰值平均值随倾斜角度的变化情况

Fig.10 The variation of the mean gas pressure difference force on the baffle with inclination angle

图11 启动阶段（a）和流化阶段（b）挡板受颗粒作用力随倾斜角度的变化情况

Fig.11 The variation of the force by particles on the baffle at the start-up stage (a) and the fluidization stage (b) with the inclination angle

图12 启动阶段不同倾斜角度挡板附近的力链图

Fig.12 Force chain diagram near baffles with different inclination at the start-up stage

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CFD-DEM-IBM方法探究流化床倾斜挡板内构件受力特性

CFD-DEM-IBM simulation on force characteristic on inclined-surface baffles in fluidized beds

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