新型复合式内部能量集成的精馏塔的机械设计与水力学模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191300

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于HIDiC的理论和Aspen 模拟的结果，建立了新型内部能量集成的精馏塔的塔节结构，对筛孔式结构的复合HIDiC塔节做了CFD模拟，探索了不同参数下的水力学性能，优化了新型复合塔节的结构。结果表明：对于筛孔式复合塔节，减小塔板孔径，降低出口堰高有利于提高传质和传热效果。利用SolidWorks软件针对温度与压力下的双重效应做了静应力分析，通过HIDiC理论，模型构建，水力学模拟相互验证，将HIDiC逐板换热的理论与实际模型完美结合。

关键词: 能量集成, 精馏, 机械设计, 筛孔式复合塔节, 静力学分析, 水力学模拟

Abstract:

In this paper, based on the theory of HIDiC and the results of Aspen simulation, a new type of internal energy integration distillation structure was established, CFD simulation was conducted for the composite HIDiC with structures of sieve hole type, hydraulics properties under different parameters were explored, and the HIDiC structure was optimized. The results show that reducing the hole of the tray and the height of the exit weir can improve the effect of mass transfer and heat transfer. SolidWorks software was used to conduct static stress analysis on the dual effects of temperature and pressure. Through HIDiC theory, model construction, and mutual verification of hydraulic simulation, the theory of HIDiC heat transfer from plate to plate was perfectly combined with the actual model.

Key words: energy integration, rectification, mechanical design, composite sieve tray, statics analysis, hydraulics simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 051.8

刘宏, 赵雅静, 李英栋, 李凭力. 新型复合式内部能量集成的精馏塔的机械设计与水力学模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 1995-2003.

Hong LIU, Yajing ZHAO, Yingdong LI, Pingli LI. Mechanical design and hydraulics simulation of a new complex internal heat integrated distillation column[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 1995-2003.

图/表 19

图1 内部能量集成的精馏塔示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of internal heat integrated distillation columns

图2 HIDiC塔节温度分布

Fig.2 Temperature distribution of HIDiC stage

表1 内部能量集成的精馏塔Aspen模拟结果

Table 1 Result of HIDiC based on Aspen simulation

塔板数	提馏段质量分数		精馏段质量分数		传热系数/ (W/(m²·K))	换热管面积/m²	降液板面积/m²	总传热面积/m²
塔板数	苯	甲苯	苯	甲苯	传热系数/ (W/(m²·K))	换热管面积/m²	降液板面积/m²	总传热面积/m²
1	0.4853	0.5146	0.9944	0.0055	850	1.46952	0.001287	1.470807
2	0.3568	0.6431	0.9871	0.0128	850	1.46952	0.001287	1.470807
3	0.2383	0.7616	0.9821	0.0178	850	1.2246	0.001287	1.225887
4	0.1478	0.8521	0.9729	0.0270	850	1.2246	0.001287	1.225887
5	0.0876	0.9123	0.9574	0.0425	850	1.30624	0.001716	1.307956
6	0.0509	0.9490	0.9318	0.0681	850	0.97968	0.001716	0.981396
7	0.0294	0.9705	0.8907	0.1092	850	0.849056	0.001716	0.850772
8	0.0170	0.9829	0.8280	0.1719	850	1.06132	0.002145	1.063465
9	0.0098	0.9901	0.7401	0.2598	850	0.8164	0.002145	0.818545
10	0.0054	0.9945	0.6314	0.3685	850	0.6123	0.002145	0.614445

表2 Aspen模拟的内部能量集成的精馏塔水力学参数

Table 2 Hydraulic parameters of HIDiC based on Aspen simulation

理论板	精馏段开孔数	提馏段开孔数	塔径/mm	提馏段筛孔直径/mm	精馏段筛孔直径/mm	精馏段堰高 /mm	提馏段堰高/mm	内部列管壁厚/mm	精馏段塔板液泛率	提馏段塔板液泛率
1	32	120	250	6	4	25	20	2	0.7	0.58
2	35	120	250	6	4	25	20	2	0.68	0.55
3	50	100	250	6	4	25	20	2	0.65	0.53
4	60	100	250	6	4	25	20	2	0.64	0.53
5	80	80	250	8	4	25	20	2	0.64	0.54
6	80	60	250	8	4	25	20	2	0.62	0.54
7	100	52	250	8	4	25	20	2	0.65	0.55
8	100	52	250	10	5	25	20	2	0.63	0.58
9	122	40	250	10	5	25	20	2	0.62	0.56
10	122	30	250	10	5	25	20	2	0.64	0.57

图3 内部能量集成的精馏塔塔节局部和整体撬装图

Fig.3 HIDiC stage segments and overall equipment fitting

表3 普通精馏和内部能量集成塔的运行条件和成本

Table 3 Operating conditions and cost of CDIC and HIDiC

精馏塔

压缩比

回流比

再沸器

负荷/kW

冷凝器负荷/kW

蒸汽/

(CNY/d)

冷却水/

(CNY/d)

电力/

(CNY/d)

设备投资×10^-4/

(CNY/a)

图4 温度和压力效应下装配体模型

Fig.4 Assembly model under temperature and pressure effects

表4 内部能量集成的精馏塔塔节装配体属性参数

Table 4 Assembly property parameters for HIDiC

材质	屈服强度/(N/m²)	弹性模量/(N/m²)	质量密度/(kg/m³)	抗剪模量/(N/m²)	泊松比	热扩张系数 /K^-1
304	2.06×10⁸	1.9×10¹¹	8000	7.5×10¹⁰	0.29	1.8×10^-5

图5 HIDiC塔节装配体静应力分析云图

Fig.5 Cloud map of a ssembly static stress analysis for HIDiC

图6 塔节CFD模拟网格划分示意图

Fig.6 Mesh for tray of CFD simulation

图7 液相出口浓度随气速的变化

Fig.7 Outlet mole concentrations versus gas velocity

表5 结构a HIDiC塔节CFD模拟的几何参数

Table 5 Geometrical characteristics of condition a for tray of CFD simulation

参数	精馏段	提馏段
降液管长/mm	214	620
出口堰高/mm	25	20
塔径/mm	250	250
筛孔直径/mm	5	10

表6 结构b HIDiC塔节CFD模拟的几何参数

Table 6 Geometrical characteristics of condition b for tray of CFD simulation

参数	精馏段	提馏段
降液管长/mm	214	620
出口堰高/mm	20	20
塔径/mm	200	200
筛孔直径/mm	4	8

图8 两种不同结构参数下的气体体积分数云图

Fig.8 Volume fraction contours in two differences condition

图9 HIDiC塔节和降液管CFD模拟的温度分布

Fig.9 Temperature distribution for tray and downcomer of CFD simulation

图10 管束沿Z轴方向平均温度分布

Fig.10 Average temperature distribution of tube along Z axis

图11 HIDiC运行时塔盘液体速度矢量图

Fig.11 Vectors velocity in liquid surface during HIDiC operation

图12 HIDiC塔节气体体积分数X-Z 轴侧云图

Fig.12 Volume fraction contours of vapor in X-Z axis side map of HIDiC stage

图13 HIDiC内部塔盘气体和液体体积分数X-Y切向云图

Fig. 13 Volume fraction contours of vapor and liquid in X-Y axis side map for HIDiC trays

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