表面活性剂对含盐双流体细水雾灭火效能的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240350

化工学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (9): 3369-3378.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240350

• 过程安全 • 上一篇

表面活性剂对含盐双流体细水雾灭火效能的影响

裴蓓¹^,²(), 郝治斌², 徐天祥², 钟子琪², 李瑞², 贾冲², 段玉龙³

^1.河南理工大学煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心，河南焦作 454003
^2.河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院，河南焦作 454003
^3.重庆科技大学安全工程学院，重庆 401331

收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-04-25 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-10
通讯作者: 裴蓓
作者简介:裴蓓（1982—），女，博士，副教授，smart128@126.com
基金资助:
河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(22HASTIT027);河南省高校基本科研业务费专项(NSFRF210344);河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102320142)

Effect of surfactants on fire extinguishing efficiency of salted double fluid fine water mist

Bei PEI¹^,²(), Zhibin HAO², Tianxiang XU², Ziqi ZHONG², Rui LI², Chong JIA², Yulong DUAN³

^1.Coal Safety Production and Clean and Efficient Utilization Provincial and Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center, Henan Polytechnic University，Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China
^2.School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China
^3.School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China

Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-04-25 Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-10-10
Contact: Bei PEI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同类型表面活性剂对含盐双流体细水雾灭火效能的影响，选用十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAB35）、烷基糖苷（APG0810），从灭火时间、冷却效果、CO浓度峰值三方面开展表面活性剂对含盐双流体细水雾灭火效能影响研究。结果显示：在空气环境下，3种表面活性剂可以有效缩短含盐类添加剂细水雾灭火时间，从而降低其灭火过程中的CO浓度峰值，但同时由于其液滴粒径减小，容易受到湍流影响，导致其冷却效果相比含单一盐类添加剂细水雾有所降低。在CO₂环境下，由于CO₂比定压热容较小，表面活性剂在对含单一盐类添加剂细水雾改性后分别存在灭火时间微幅缩短和灭火时间延长的实验现象，并且相比含单一盐类添加剂细水雾，其灭火过程中的CO浓度峰值有所增大，冷却效果也有所降低。研究结果将为防治醇基燃料火灾提供参考。

关键词: 双流体细水雾, 二氧化碳, 表面活性剂, 乙醇火, 安全

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different types of surfactants on the fire extinguishing efficiency of two-fluid water mist containing salt additives, In this experiment, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS),cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB35) and alkyl glucoside (APG0810) were selected to study the effects of surfactants on the fire extinguishing efficiency of salt-containing two-fluid water mist from three aspects: fire extinguishing time, cooling effect and CO concentration peak. The results show that in the air environment, the three surfactants can effectively shorten the fire extinguishing time of water mist containing salt additives, thereby reducing the peak CO concentration in the fire extinguishing process. Among them, 4%APG0810 has the best fire extinguishing effect on the modified two-fluid water mist containing 5%K₂CO₃, and the fire extinguishing time is 29% shorter than that containing 5%K₂CO₃ two-fluid water mist. Compared with air/water mist, the fire extinguishing time is reduced by 55%, but at the same time, due to the decrease of the particle size of the surfactant, it is easy to be affected by turbulence, resulting in the cooling effect of the water mist containing salt additives. In the CO₂ environment, due to the small specific heat capacity of CO₂, the surfactants have the experimental phenomenon of slightly shortening the fire extinguishing time and extending the fire extinguishing time after modifying the fine water mist containing a single salt additive. And compared with salt-containing additive water mist, the peak CO concentration in the fire extinguishing process also increased, and the cooling effect also decreased. The research results will provide reference for prevention and control of alcohol-based fuel fires.

Key words: double flow fine water mist, carbon dioxide, surfactants, ethanol fire, safety

中图分类号:

X 932

裴蓓, 郝治斌, 徐天祥, 钟子琪, 李瑞, 贾冲, 段玉龙. 表面活性剂对含盐双流体细水雾灭火效能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3369-3378.

Bei PEI, Zhibin HAO, Tianxiang XU, Ziqi ZHONG, Rui LI, Chong JIA, Yulong DUAN. Effect of surfactants on fire extinguishing efficiency of salted double fluid fine water mist[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(9): 3369-3378.

图/表 10

图1 双流体细水雾灭火实验平台

Fig.1 Dual fluid fine water mist fire extinguishing experimental platform

表1 双流体喷头参数

Table 1 Dual fluid nozzle parameters

气体压力/MPa	气体消耗量/(L/min)	喷雾量/(L/h)
0.3	38	7.0

表2 含单一添加剂双流体细水雾灭火时间

Table 2 Fire extinguishing time of double flow fine water mist with single additive

添加剂	灭火时间/s
添加剂	空气（air）	二氧化碳（CO₂）
纯水	5.54	4.53
5%K₂CO₃	3.51	2.98
2%NH₄Cl	4.69	5.16
1%FeCl₂	5.05	4.34
4%SDBS	4.00	4.21
4%CAB35	4.08	4.71
4%APG0810	4.52	灭火失败

表3 气体的平均比定压热容

Table 3 Average specific heat capacity of gas at constant pressure

温度/℃	c_p /(kJ/(kg·K)）
温度/℃	空气（air）	二氧化碳（CO₂）
0	1.004	0.815
100	1.006	0.866
200	1.012	0.910
300	1.019	0.949
400	1.028	0.983
500	1.039	1.013
600	1.050	1.040
700	1.061	1.064

图2 含盐类添加剂双流体细水雾灭火温度曲线

Fig.2 Temperature curve of double flow fine water mist fire extinguishing with salt additives

图3 含表面活性剂双流体细水雾灭火温度曲线

Fig.3 Temperature curve of dual fluid fine water mist fire extinguishing with surfactants

图4 含单一添加剂双流体细水雾灭火过程CO浓度峰值

Fig.4 Peak CO concentration during extinguishing process of dual flow fine water mist with single additive

图5 含改性盐类添加剂双流体细水雾灭火时间

Fig. 5 fire extinguishing time of double flow fine water mist with modified salt additives

图6 含改性盐类添加剂双流体细水雾灭火温度曲线

Fig.6 Temperature curve of dual flow fine water mist fire extinguishing with modified salt additives

图7 含改性盐类添加剂双流体细水雾CO浓度峰值

Fig.7 CO concentration peak of two fluid water mist containing modified salt additives

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表面活性剂对含盐双流体细水雾灭火效能的影响

Effect of surfactants on fire extinguishing efficiency of salted double fluid fine water mist

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