生物质双级蒸发双回热有机朗肯循环系统环境分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240567

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究有机朗肯循环（ORC）对环境的影响，进一步完善ORC对环境影响的研究，基于常规㶲环境法、高级㶲环境法和增强㶲环境法对生物质双级蒸发双回热有机朗肯循环（DEDR-ORC）系统进行环境分析，并使用五个评价指标对其结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：常规㶲环境法和高级㶲环境法得出组件的改进潜力不尽相同，和高级㶲环境法相比，增强㶲环境法分析得出锅炉的改进顺序发生了变化，从第四变为第三，生物质锅炉的总可避免对环境的影响比高级㶲环境法分析结果提高了22.370 $P t s / h$ 。其他组件和高级㶲环境法得出的结果相差不大，说明生物质DEDR-ORC系统对环境的影响主要来自于组件的㶲损失和系统排放的污染物。研究结果可为ORC领域的环境分析提供理论支撑与技术参考。

关键词: 生物质, 燃料, 热力学, 有机朗肯循环, 高级?环境, 增强?环境

Abstract:

In order to explore the impact of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) on the environment and further improve the research on the impact of ORC on the environment, the environmental analysis of biomass double-stage evaporation double reheat organic Rankine cycle (DEDR-ORC) system was carried out based on conventional exergy environmental method, advanced exergy environmental method and enhanced exergy environmental method, and the results were compared and analyzed using five evaluation indicators. The research results show that the conventional exergy environment method and the advanced exergy environment method have different improvement potentials for the components. The improvement order of boilers obtained by enhanced exergy environmental method has changed from the fourth to the third compared with the advanced exergy environmental method. The total avoidable environmental impact of biomass boilers has increased by 22.370 $P t s / h$ compared with the analysis results of advanced exergy environmental method. The results of other components and advanced exergy environmental method are not much different, indicating that the impact of biomass DEDR-ORC system on the environment mainly comes from the exergy loss of components and the impact of pollutants discharged by the system on the environment. The research results can provide theoretical support and technical reference for environmental analysis in the field of ORC.

Key words: biomass, fuel, thermodynamics, organic Rankine cycle, advanced exergy environment, enhanced exergy environment

中图分类号:

TK 115

戴文智, 沈雄健, 宋晓博, 杨新乐. 生物质双级蒸发双回热有机朗肯循环系统环境分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1230-1242.

Wenzhi DAI, Xiongjian SHEN, Xiaobo SONG, Xinle YANG. Environmental analysis of biomass double-stage evaporation double-regenerative organic Rankine cycle system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(3): 1230-1242.

图/表 21

图1 生物质-DEDR-ORC循环示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of biomass DEDR-ORC cycle

图2 DEDR-ORC的T-S图

Fig.2 T-S diagram of DEDR-ORC

表1 生物质燃料的特性［18］

Table 1 Characteristics of biomass fuel［18］

燃料成分	质量分数/%
C	48.30
H	7.08
N	38.50
O	5.55
S	0.57
H₂O	8.7

表2 系统各组件对环境影响值

Table 2 Environmental impact of each system component

设备	材料质量分数/%	环境影响/(Pts/kg)				质量/t
设备	材料质量分数/%	制造	运行	回收	汇总	质量/t
空气预热器	钢/26%；高合金钢/74%	695.8	12.1	-70	637.9	138.4
生物质锅炉	高合金钢/70%；低合成钢/30%	745.5	20.0	-70	695.5	3889.0
蒸发器1	钢/26%；高合金钢/74%	695.8	12.1	-70	637.9	59.6
蒸发器2	钢/26%；高合金钢/74%	695.8	12.1	-70	637.9	425.0
涡轮	钢/25%；高合金钢/75%	704.0	11.7	-70	645.7	550.0
冷凝器	钢/26%；高合金钢/74%	695.8	12.1	-70	637.9	850.0
回热器	钢/26%；高合金钢/74%	695.8	12.1	-70	637.9	80.7
混合回热器	钢/26%；高合金钢/74%	695.8	12.1	-70	637.9	150.3
泵1	钢/27%；铸铁/64%；铜/8%；铝/1%	296.6	16.9	-70	243.5	1.75
泵2	钢/27%；铸铁/64%；铜/8%；铝/1%	296.6	16.9	-70	243.5	2.5
泵3	钢/27%；铸铁/64%；铜/8%；铝/1%	296.6	16.9	-70	243.5	1.2

表3 组件环境㶲影响平衡方程和辅助方程

Table 3 Component environmental exergy balance equation and auxiliary equations

设备	平衡方程	辅助方程
空气预热器	$B 13 + Y r e + B 11 = B 14 + B 12$	$B 11 E 11 = B 12 E 12$ $B 13 = 0$
生物质锅炉	$B 14 + Y b i o + B 15 + B o u t + B P F = B i n$	$b b i o = 0.00489 P t s / k g$ ^[24] $b C O 2 = 5.455 P t s / k g$ ^[25] $b S O x = 149.937 P t s / k g$ ^[25] $b N 2 = 12 P t s / k g$ ^[19]
蒸发器1	$B s_i n + B 10 + Y e v a p 1 = B g 1 + B 1$	$B s_i n E s_i n = B g 1 E g 1$
蒸发器2	$B g 1 + B 8 + Y e v a p 2 = B s_o u t + B b$	$B g 1 E g 1 = B s_o u t E s_o u t$
涡轮	$B 1 + B b + Y t u r = B a + B 2 + B t u r$	$B 1 E 1 + B b E b = B a E a + B 2 E 2$
冷凝器	$B 31 + B c_i n + Y c o n d = B 4 + B c_o u t$	$B 31 E 31 = B 4 E 4$
回热器	$B 2 + B 5 + Y r e 1 = B 31 + B 52$	$B 2 E 2 = B 31 E 31$
混合回热器	$B a + B 52 + Y r e 2 = B 7$	$B a E a + B 51 E 51 = B 7 E 7$
泵1	$B 4 + B p 1 + Y p 1 = B 5$	$B p 1 E p 1 = B t u r W t u r$
泵2	$B 71 + B p 2 + Y p 2 = B 8$	$B p 2 E p 2 = B t u r W t u r$
泵3	$B 9 + B p 3 + Y p 3 = B 10$	$B p 3 E p 3 = B t u r W t u r$

表3 组件环境㶲影响平衡方程和辅助方程

Table 3 Component environmental exergy balance equation and auxiliary equations

设备	平衡方程	辅助方程
空气预热器	$B 13 + Y r e + B 11 = B 14 + B 12$	$B 11 E 11 = B 12 E 12$ $B 13 = 0$
生物质锅炉	$B 14 + Y b i o + B 15 + B o u t + B P F = B i n$	$b b i o = 0.00489 P t s / k g$ ^[24] $b C O 2 = 5.455 P t s / k g$ ^[25] $b S O x = 149.937 P t s / k g$ ^[25] $b N 2 = 12 P t s / k g$ ^[19]
蒸发器1	$B s_i n + B 10 + Y e v a p 1 = B g 1 + B 1$	$B s_i n E s_i n = B g 1 E g 1$
蒸发器2	$B g 1 + B 8 + Y e v a p 2 = B s_o u t + B b$	$B g 1 E g 1 = B s_o u t E s_o u t$
涡轮	$B 1 + B b + Y t u r = B a + B 2 + B t u r$	$B 1 E 1 + B b E b = B a E a + B 2 E 2$
冷凝器	$B 31 + B c_i n + Y c o n d = B 4 + B c_o u t$	$B 31 E 31 = B 4 E 4$
回热器	$B 2 + B 5 + Y r e 1 = B 31 + B 52$	$B 2 E 2 = B 31 E 31$
混合回热器	$B a + B 52 + Y r e 2 = B 7$	$B a E a + B 51 E 51 = B 7 E 7$
泵1	$B 4 + B p 1 + Y p 1 = B 5$	$B p 1 E p 1 = B t u r W t u r$
泵2	$B 71 + B p 2 + Y p 2 = B 8$	$B p 2 E p 2 = B t u r W t u r$
泵3	$B 9 + B p 3 + Y p 3 = B 10$	$B p 3 E p 3 = B t u r W t u r$

表4 系统环境影响评价指标［27-28］

Table 4 System environmental impact assessment indicators［27-28］

评价指标	常规㶲环境法	增强㶲环境法
环境总影响	$B ˙ t o t, k = Y ˙ k + B ˙ D, k + B ˙ k P F$	$B ˙ t o t, k A V, E N = Y ˙ k A V, E N + B ˙ D, k A V, E N + B ˙ D, k P F, A V, E N$
㶲损率	$t b, D, k = B ˙ D, k B ˙ F, t o t$	$t ˙ b, D, k = B ˙ D, k A V, E N B ˙ F, t o t$
环境影响绩效	$e b, k = B ˙ P, k B ˙ F, k$	$e ˙ b, k = B ˙ P, k B ˙ F, k - B ˙ t o t, k U N - B ˙ t o t, k A V, E X$
环境㶲影响因子	$r b, k = Y ˙ k + B ˙ k P F B ˙ t o t, k$	$r ˙ b, k = Y ˙ k A V, E N + B ˙ D, k P F, A V, E N B ˙ t o t, k A V, E N$
净输出功对环境影响	$E I E = B ˙ t o t, k W ˙ n e t$	$E I ˙ E = B ˙ t o t, k U N + B ˙ t o t, k A V, E X W ˙ n e t$

表4 系统环境影响评价指标［27-28］

Table 4 System environmental impact assessment indicators［27-28］

评价指标	常规㶲环境法	增强㶲环境法
环境总影响	$B ˙ t o t, k = Y ˙ k + B ˙ D, k + B ˙ k P F$	$B ˙ t o t, k A V, E N = Y ˙ k A V, E N + B ˙ D, k A V, E N + B ˙ D, k P F, A V, E N$
㶲损率	$t b, D, k = B ˙ D, k B ˙ F, t o t$	$t ˙ b, D, k = B ˙ D, k A V, E N B ˙ F, t o t$
环境影响绩效	$e b, k = B ˙ P, k B ˙ F, k$	$e ˙ b, k = B ˙ P, k B ˙ F, k - B ˙ t o t, k U N - B ˙ t o t, k A V, E X$
环境㶲影响因子	$r b, k = Y ˙ k + B ˙ k P F B ˙ t o t, k$	$r ˙ b, k = Y ˙ k A V, E N + B ˙ D, k P F, A V, E N B ˙ t o t, k A V, E N$
净输出功对环境影响	$E I E = B ˙ t o t, k W ˙ n e t$	$E I ˙ E = B ˙ t o t, k U N + B ˙ t o t, k A V, E X W ˙ n e t$

表5 系统恒定参数

Table 5 System constant parameters

参数	数值
热源温度 $T s_i n / K$	448.15^[6]
冷却水入口温度 $T c_i n / K$	298.15
冷却水出口温度 $T c_o u t / K$	308.15
蒸发器1蒸发温度 $T 1 / K$	415.15
蒸发器2蒸发温度 $T 9 / K$	400.15
环境温度 $T 0 / K$	298.15
环境压力 $P 0 / k P a$	101.3
生物质锅炉排气温度 $T 11 / K$	439.65^[29]
有机流体	R245fa
锅炉输入热负荷 $Q ˙ b i o$ /kW	3000
燃料的低热值 $L H V b i o$ /(kJ/kg)	17200^[19]

表5 系统恒定参数

Table 5 System constant parameters

参数	数值
热源温度 $T s_i n / K$	448.15^[6]
冷却水入口温度 $T c_i n / K$	298.15
冷却水出口温度 $T c_o u t / K$	308.15
蒸发器1蒸发温度 $T 1 / K$	415.15
蒸发器2蒸发温度 $T 9 / K$	400.15
环境温度 $T 0 / K$	298.15
环境压力 $P 0 / k P a$	101.3
生物质锅炉排气温度 $T 11 / K$	439.65^[29]
有机流体	R245fa
锅炉输入热负荷 $Q ˙ b i o$ /kW	3000
燃料的低热值 $L H V b i o$ /(kJ/kg)	17200^[19]

表6 循环运行工况［30-31］

Table 6 Cyclic operating conditions［30-31］

组件	指标参数	实际	理想	不可避免
空气预热器	$Δ T r e$ / $℃$	5	0	0.5
蒸发器	$Δ T e$ / $℃$	5	0	0.5
冷凝器	$Δ T c$ / $℃$	5	0	0.5
锅炉	$η b i o$ /%	80	100	90
涡轮	$η t$ /%	75	100	90
回热器	$η r e 1$ /%	80	100	90
混合回热器	$η r e 2$ /%	80	100	90
泵	$η p$ /%	70	100	90

表6 循环运行工况［30-31］

Table 6 Cyclic operating conditions［30-31］

组件	指标参数	实际	理想	不可避免
空气预热器	$Δ T r e$ / $℃$	5	0	0.5
蒸发器	$Δ T e$ / $℃$	5	0	0.5
冷凝器	$Δ T c$ / $℃$	5	0	0.5
锅炉	$η b i o$ /%	80	100	90
涡轮	$η t$ /%	75	100	90
回热器	$η r e 1$ /%	80	100	90
混合回热器	$η r e 2$ /%	80	100	90
泵	$η p$ /%	70	100	90

表7 模型验证数据参数

Table 7 Model validation data parameters

参数	Pentane		R134a
参数	文献[32]	本文	文献[33]	本文
$T i n / K$	423.15	423.15	393.15	393.15
$Δ T c / K$	293.15	293.15	297.13	297.15
$T e v a p / K$	380.15	180.15	340.90	340.90
$T c o n d / K$	311.25	311.25	303.15	303.15
$Δ P c / k P a$	6.3	6.3	10	10
$Δ T e / K$	275.15	275.15	283.15	283.15
$P e v a p / k P a$	6.93	6.89	20.00	20.12
$P c o n d / k P a$	1.09	1.07	7.70	7.67
$η t h / %$	11.69	11.73	7.48	7.40

表7 模型验证数据参数

Table 7 Model validation data parameters

参数	Pentane		R134a
参数	文献[32]	本文	文献[33]	本文
$T i n / K$	423.15	423.15	393.15	393.15
$Δ T c / K$	293.15	293.15	297.13	297.15
$T e v a p / K$	380.15	180.15	340.90	340.90
$T c o n d / K$	311.25	311.25	303.15	303.15
$Δ P c / k P a$	6.3	6.3	10	10
$Δ T e / K$	275.15	275.15	283.15	283.15
$P e v a p / k P a$	6.93	6.89	20.00	20.12
$P c o n d / k P a$	1.09	1.07	7.70	7.67
$η t h / %$	11.69	11.73	7.48	7.40

表8 常规㶲环境法分析结果

Table 8 Conventional exergy analysis results

设备	$E ˙ F, k$ /kW	$E ˙ P, k$ /kW	$E ˙ D, k$ /kW	$ε k$ /%	$b F, k$ /(Pts/GJ)	$b P, k$ /(Pts/GJ)	$B ˙ D, k$ /(Pts/h)	$Y ˙ k$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ k P F$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ t o t, k$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	37.42	18.24	19.18	48.74	0.217	0.475	14.98	0.552		15.53
锅炉	3346.20	1485.70	1860.50	44.40	0.218	0.332	1456.83	16.903	184.88	1658.62
蒸发器1	404.39	373.99	30.40	92.48	0.348	0.377	38.09	0.238		38.33
蒸发器2	247.13	235.47	11.66	95.28	0.348	0.373	14.61	1.694		16.30
涡轮	1356.04	1065.50	290.54	78.57	0.228	0.290	238.50	2.219		240.72
冷凝器	267.40	91.73	175.67	34.30	2.854	8.336	1804.75	3.388		1808.14
回热器	38.58	20.01	18.57	51.87	0.076	0.162	5.05	0.322		5.37
混合回热器	11126.56	11041.83	84.73	99.24	0.051	0.053	15.56	0.599		16.15
泵1	2.59	1.85	0.74	71.44	0.291	0.409	0.78	0.003		0.78
泵2	5.69	4.29	1.40	75.51	0.291	0.386	1.46	0.004		1.46
泵3	0.93	0.72	0.21	77.65	0.291	0.377	0.22	0.002		0.22

表8 常规㶲环境法分析结果

Table 8 Conventional exergy analysis results

设备	$E ˙ F, k$ /kW	$E ˙ P, k$ /kW	$E ˙ D, k$ /kW	$ε k$ /%	$b F, k$ /(Pts/GJ)	$b P, k$ /(Pts/GJ)	$B ˙ D, k$ /(Pts/h)	$Y ˙ k$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ k P F$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ t o t, k$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	37.42	18.24	19.18	48.74	0.217	0.475	14.98	0.552		15.53
锅炉	3346.20	1485.70	1860.50	44.40	0.218	0.332	1456.83	16.903	184.88	1658.62
蒸发器1	404.39	373.99	30.40	92.48	0.348	0.377	38.09	0.238		38.33
蒸发器2	247.13	235.47	11.66	95.28	0.348	0.373	14.61	1.694		16.30
涡轮	1356.04	1065.50	290.54	78.57	0.228	0.290	238.50	2.219		240.72
冷凝器	267.40	91.73	175.67	34.30	2.854	8.336	1804.75	3.388		1808.14
回热器	38.58	20.01	18.57	51.87	0.076	0.162	5.05	0.322		5.37
混合回热器	11126.56	11041.83	84.73	99.24	0.051	0.053	15.56	0.599		16.15
泵1	2.59	1.85	0.74	71.44	0.291	0.409	0.78	0.003		0.78
泵2	5.69	4.29	1.40	75.51	0.291	0.386	1.46	0.004		1.46
泵3	0.93	0.72	0.21	77.65	0.291	0.377	0.22	0.002		0.22

表9 高级㶲环境法分析结果

Table 9 Advanced exergy analysis results

组件	$B ˙ D, k E N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k E X$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E X$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E X$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	15.13	-0.15	14.60	0.37	13.29	1.32	1.84	-1.47
生物质锅炉	1449.92	6.91	1395.37	61.46	1333.23	62.15	116.70	-55.24
蒸发器1	42.76	-4.67	41.30	-3.21	37.15	4.15	5.61	-8.83
蒸发器2	7.28	7.33	2.68	11.93	2.44	0.25	4.85	7.08
涡轮	124.52	113.98	51.76	186.74	43.27	8.49	81.25	105.49
冷凝器	728.94	1075.81	415.00	1389.75	407.09	7.91	321.84	1067.91
回热器	0.93	4.12	0.75	4.30	0.59	0.16	0.34	3.96
混合回热器	14.35	1.20	9.04	6.52	8.94	0.10	5.41	1.11
泵1	3.69	-2.92	0.96	-0.19	0.97	-0.01	2.72	-2.91
泵2	6.78	-5.32	1.77	-0.31	1.86	-0.09	4.92	-5.23
泵3	3.32	-3.10	0.86	-0.64	0.93	-0.07	2.39	-3.03

表9 高级㶲环境法分析结果

Table 9 Advanced exergy analysis results

组件	$B ˙ D, k E N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k E X$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E X$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E X$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	15.13	-0.15	14.60	0.37	13.29	1.32	1.84	-1.47
生物质锅炉	1449.92	6.91	1395.37	61.46	1333.23	62.15	116.70	-55.24
蒸发器1	42.76	-4.67	41.30	-3.21	37.15	4.15	5.61	-8.83
蒸发器2	7.28	7.33	2.68	11.93	2.44	0.25	4.85	7.08
涡轮	124.52	113.98	51.76	186.74	43.27	8.49	81.25	105.49
冷凝器	728.94	1075.81	415.00	1389.75	407.09	7.91	321.84	1067.91
回热器	0.93	4.12	0.75	4.30	0.59	0.16	0.34	3.96
混合回热器	14.35	1.20	9.04	6.52	8.94	0.10	5.41	1.11
泵1	3.69	-2.92	0.96	-0.19	0.97	-0.01	2.72	-2.91
泵2	6.78	-5.32	1.77	-0.31	1.86	-0.09	4.92	-5.23
泵3	3.32	-3.10	0.86	-0.64	0.93	-0.07	2.39	-3.03

表10 外源㶲损失对环境影响组件之间作用关系

Table 10 The relationship between the components of exogenous exergy loss and environmental impact

组件k	组件r	$B ˙ D, k E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E X, r$ /(Pts/h)	组件k	组件r	$B ˙ D, k E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E X, r$ / (Pts/h)
空气预热器	生物质锅炉	-0.152	-0.041	-0.112	回热器	蒸发器1	0.118	0.072	0.046
生物质锅炉	空气预热器	6.908	22.554	-15.646		蒸发器2	-0.071	-0.044	-0.028
蒸发器1	蒸发器2	2.720	0.387	2.333		涡轮	2.223	4.758	-2.535
	泵2	0.148	0.021	0.127		冷凝器	2.003	4.373	-2.370
	泵3	1.286	1.676	-0.390		泵1	-0.016	-0.027	0.012
蒸发器2	蒸发器1	7.924	8.047	-0.124		泵2	0.003	0.002	0.001
	泵2	-0.029	-0.019	-0.010		泵3	0.004	0.003	0.002
	泵3	0.249	0.251	-0.002	混合回热器	蒸发器1	2.046	0.806	1.240
涡轮	蒸发器1	16.856	14.663	2.194		蒸发器2	-1.235	-0.486	-0.748
	蒸发器2	-10.173	-8.849	-1.324		涡轮	0.554	0.579	-0.025
	冷凝器	-9.037	-8.112	-0.924		冷凝器	-0.826	-0.867	0.041
	泵2	0.388	0.412	-0.024		回热器	-1.301	-1.359	0.058
	泵3	0.594	0.665	-0.070		泵2	0.045	0.018	0.027
冷凝器	蒸发器1	103.899	134.004	-30.105		泵3	0.072	0.028	0.044
	蒸发器2	-62.705	-80.874	18.169	泵1	蒸发器1	0.526	0.546	-0.020
	涡轮	46.232	59.627	-13.396		蒸发器2	-0.317	-0.329	0.012
	泵1	1.136	1.465	-0.329		冷凝器	-0.188	-0.225	0.036
	泵2	2.264	2.920	-0.656		泵2	0.011	0.012	0.000
	泵3	3.663	4.724	-1.061		泵3	0.019	0.019	-0.001
泵2	蒸发器1	0.974	0.938	0.036	泵3	蒸发器1	-0.351	-0.328	-0.023
	蒸发器2	-0.590	-0.568	-0.022		蒸发器2	0.211	0.197	0.014
	泵3	0.034	0.033	0.001		泵2	0.011	0.011	0.001

表10 外源㶲损失对环境影响组件之间作用关系

Table 10 The relationship between the components of exogenous exergy loss and environmental impact

组件k	组件r	$B ˙ D, k E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E X, r$ /(Pts/h)	组件k	组件r	$B ˙ D, k E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, E X, r$ / (Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k U N, E X, r$ / (Pts/h)
空气预热器	生物质锅炉	-0.152	-0.041	-0.112	回热器	蒸发器1	0.118	0.072	0.046
生物质锅炉	空气预热器	6.908	22.554	-15.646		蒸发器2	-0.071	-0.044	-0.028
蒸发器1	蒸发器2	2.720	0.387	2.333		涡轮	2.223	4.758	-2.535
	泵2	0.148	0.021	0.127		冷凝器	2.003	4.373	-2.370
	泵3	1.286	1.676	-0.390		泵1	-0.016	-0.027	0.012
蒸发器2	蒸发器1	7.924	8.047	-0.124		泵2	0.003	0.002	0.001
	泵2	-0.029	-0.019	-0.010		泵3	0.004	0.003	0.002
	泵3	0.249	0.251	-0.002	混合回热器	蒸发器1	2.046	0.806	1.240
涡轮	蒸发器1	16.856	14.663	2.194		蒸发器2	-1.235	-0.486	-0.748
	蒸发器2	-10.173	-8.849	-1.324		涡轮	0.554	0.579	-0.025
	冷凝器	-9.037	-8.112	-0.924		冷凝器	-0.826	-0.867	0.041
	泵2	0.388	0.412	-0.024		回热器	-1.301	-1.359	0.058
	泵3	0.594	0.665	-0.070		泵2	0.045	0.018	0.027
冷凝器	蒸发器1	103.899	134.004	-30.105		泵3	0.072	0.028	0.044
	蒸发器2	-62.705	-80.874	18.169	泵1	蒸发器1	0.526	0.546	-0.020
	涡轮	46.232	59.627	-13.396		蒸发器2	-0.317	-0.329	0.012
	泵1	1.136	1.465	-0.329		冷凝器	-0.188	-0.225	0.036
	泵2	2.264	2.920	-0.656		泵2	0.011	0.012	0.000
	泵3	3.663	4.724	-1.061		泵3	0.019	0.019	-0.001
泵2	蒸发器1	0.974	0.938	0.036	泵3	蒸发器1	-0.351	-0.328	-0.023
	蒸发器2	-0.590	-0.568	-0.022		蒸发器2	0.211	0.197	0.014
	泵3	0.034	0.033	0.001		泵2	0.011	0.011	0.001

表11 高级㶲环境法组件可避免的环境影响汇总

Table 11 Summary of avoidable environmental impacts of advanced exergy components

设备	$B ˙ D, k A V, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$∑ r = 1, r ≠ k n B ˙ D, k A V, E X, r$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, Σ$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	1.843	-0.041	1.802
生物质锅炉	116.695	22.554	139.249
蒸发器1	5.613	158.747	164.360
蒸发器2	4.846	-90.567	-85.721
涡轮	81.247	64.964	146.211
冷凝器	321.843	-4.830	317.013
回热器	0.237	-1.359	-1.122
混合回热器	5.411	0.000	5.411
泵1	2.725	1.438	4.163
泵2	4.919	3.376	8.295
泵3	2.389	7.398	9.787

表11 高级㶲环境法组件可避免的环境影响汇总

Table 11 Summary of avoidable environmental impacts of advanced exergy components

设备	$B ˙ D, k A V, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$∑ r = 1, r ≠ k n B ˙ D, k A V, E X, r$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ D, k A V, Σ$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	1.843	-0.041	1.802
生物质锅炉	116.695	22.554	139.249
蒸发器1	5.613	158.747	164.360
蒸发器2	4.846	-90.567	-85.721
涡轮	81.247	64.964	146.211
冷凝器	321.843	-4.830	317.013
回热器	0.237	-1.359	-1.122
混合回热器	5.411	0.000	5.411
泵1	2.725	1.438	4.163
泵2	4.919	3.376	8.295
泵3	2.389	7.398	9.787

图3 锅炉排放污染物对环境的影响

Fig.3 Impact of boiler emissions on the environment

图4 组件生命周期对环境的影响

Fig.4 Environmental impact of component life cycle

图5 组件的总环境影响

Fig.5 Total environmental impact of the component

图6 组件㶲损失的环境影响比

Fig.6 Environmental impact ratio of component exergy loss

图7 组件的环境影响绩效

Fig.7 Environmental performance of components

图8 组件的环境㶲影响因子

Fig.8 Environmental exergy impact factor of components

图9 组件净输出功对环境的影响

Fig.9 Impact of net output power of components on the environment

表12 增强㶲环境法组件的可避免对环境总影响的结果

Table 12 Enhanced total avoided environmental impact results of exergy law components

设备	$B ˙ t o t, k A V, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$∑ r = 1, r ≠ k n B ˙ t o t, k A V, E X, r$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ t o t, k A V, Σ$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	1.948	-0.055	1.893
生物质锅炉	139.066	22.553	161.619
蒸发器1	5.637	158.774	164.411
蒸发器2	4.953	-90.581	-85.628
涡轮	81.282	64.966	146.248
冷凝器	321.886	-4.834	317.052
回热器	0.250	-1.359	-1.109
混合回热器	5.497	0	5.497
泵1	2.735	1.438	4.173
泵2	4.933	3.348	8.281
泵3	2.416	7.400	9.816

表12 增强㶲环境法组件的可避免对环境总影响的结果

Table 12 Enhanced total avoided environmental impact results of exergy law components

设备	$B ˙ t o t, k A V, E N$ /(Pts/h)	$∑ r = 1, r ≠ k n B ˙ t o t, k A V, E X, r$ /(Pts/h)	$B ˙ t o t, k A V, Σ$ /(Pts/h)
空气预热器	1.948	-0.055	1.893
生物质锅炉	139.066	22.553	161.619
蒸发器1	5.637	158.774	164.411
蒸发器2	4.953	-90.581	-85.628
涡轮	81.282	64.966	146.248
冷凝器	321.886	-4.834	317.052
回热器	0.250	-1.359	-1.109
混合回热器	5.497	0	5.497
泵1	2.735	1.438	4.173
泵2	4.933	3.348	8.281
泵3	2.416	7.400	9.816

参考文献 33

1	Ren J, Qian Z Q, Fei C G, et al. Thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analysis of a combined cooling and power system for natural gas-biomass dual fuel gas turbine waste heat recovery[J]. Energy, 2023, 269: 126676.
2	闫沛伟, 张曼铮, 肖猛, 等. 地热能有机朗肯循环系统控制策略研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 4810-4819.
	Yan P W, Zhang M Z, Xiao M, et al. Study on the control strategy of a geothermal organic Rankine cycle system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 4810-4819.
3	Feng J S, Cheng X N, Yan Y R, et al. Thermodynamic and thermo-economic analysis, performance comparison and parameter optimization of basic and regenerative organic Rankine cycles for waste heat recovery[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2023, 52: 103816.
4	Yang M H. Optimizations of the waste heat recovery system for a large marine diesel engine based on transcritical Rankine cycle[J]. Energy, 2016, 113: 1109-1124.
5	Budovich L S. Energy, exergy analysis in a hybrid power and hydrogen production system using biomass and organic Rankine cycle[J]. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2024, 21: 100584.
6	Qi X R, Yang C S, Huang M Y, et al. Conventional and advanced exergy-exergoeconomic-exergoenvironmental analyses of an organic Rankine cycle integrated with solar and biomass energy sources[J]. Energy, 2024, 288: 129657.
7	Wen L H, Liu H Y, Heydarian D. Multi-objective grey wolf optimization of four different geothermal flash-organic Rankine power cycles[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023, 180: 223-241.
8	葛众, 熊肖, 李健, 等. 基于LCA的有机朗肯循环技术环保性能研究综述[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2024, 45(8): 2262-2276.
	Ge Z, Xiong X, Li J, et al. A review on full life cycle research of organic Rankine cycle technology[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2024, 45(8): 2262-2276.
9	董志坚, 叶学民, 宋睿哲, 等. 集成ORC的太阳能辅助燃煤碳捕集发电系统全生命周期分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2022, 42(7): 647-656.
	Dong Z J, Ye X M, Song R Z, et al. Life cycle assessment of coal-fired solar-assisted carbon capture power generation system integrated with ORC[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(7): 647-656.
10	王华荣. 有机朗肯循环多目标参数优化及经济环境影响评价[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2017.
	Wang H R. Multi-objective parameter optimization and economic and environmental impact assessment of organic Rankine cycle[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2017.
11	Heberle F, Schifflechner C, Brüggemann D. Life cycle assessment of organic Rankine cycles for geothermal power generation considering low-GWP working fluids[J]. Geothermics, 2016, 64: 392-400.
12	Peng P, Yuan Y B, Ge H, et al. Thermodynamic and life cycle assessment analysis of polymer-containing oily sludge supercritical water gasification system combined with organic Rankine cycle[J]. Energy, 2024, 305: 132359.
13	Akbulut U, Utlu Z, Kincay O. Exergoenvironmental and exergoeconomic analyses of a vertical type ground source heat pump integrated wall cooling system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 102: 904-921.
14	Tsatsaronis G, Morosuk T. A general exergy-based method for combining a cost analysis with an environmental impact analysis(part Ⅰ):Theoretical development [C]//ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2009: 453-462.
15	Tsatsaronis G, Morosuk T. A general exergy-based method for combining a cost analysis with an environmental impact analysis(part Ⅱ):Application to a cogeneration system[C]//ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2009: 463-469.
16	Boyaghchi F A, Chavoshi M, Sabeti V. Multi-generation system incorporated with PEM electrolyzer and dual ORC based on biomass gasification waste heat recovery: exergetic, economic and environmental impact optimizations[J]. Energy, 2018, 145: 38-51.
17	Ptasinski K J, Prins M J, Pierik A. Exergetic evaluation of biomass gasification[J]. Energy, 2007, 32(4): 568-574.
18	Al-Sulaiman F A, Dincer I, Hamdullahpur F. Energy and exergy analyses of a biomass trigeneration system using an organic Rankine cycle[J]. Energy, 2012, 45(1): 975-985.
19	Zhu Y L, Li W Y, Li J, et al. Thermodynamic analysis and economic assessment of biomass-fired organic Rankine cycle combined heat and power system integrated with CO₂ capture[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 204: 112310.
20	何超, 罗志云, 宋光武, 等. 天津市典型生物质固体燃料锅炉NO、CO排放研究[J]. 环境工程, 2017, 35(4): 86-90.
	He C, Luo Z Y, Song G W, et al. Research on the combustion emission of NO and CO from typical biomass soild fuel boilers in Tianjin[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(4): 86-90.
21	Başoğul Y. Environmental assessment of a binary geothermal sourced power plant accompanied by exergy analysis[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 195: 492-501.
22	Cavalcanti E J C. Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses of an integrated solar combined cycle system[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 67: 507-519.
23	Mousavi Rabeti S A, Khoshgoftar Manesh M H, Amidpour M. An innovative optimal 4E solar-biomass waste polygeneration system for power, methanol, and freshwater production[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 412: 137267.
24	Mehrabadi Z K, Boyaghchi F A. Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses and optimization of a new low-CO₂ emission energy system based on gasification-solid oxide fuel cell to produce power and freshwater using various fuels[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2021, 26: 782-804.
25	Meyer L, Tsatsaronis G, Buchgeister J, et al. Exergoenvironmental analysis for evaluation of the environmental impact of energy conversion systems[J]. Energy, 2009, 34(1): 75-89.
26	Liu X, Yu K, Wan X, et al. Conventional and advanced exergy analyses of transcritical CO₂ ejector refrigeration system equipped with thermoelectric subcooler[J]. Energy Reports, 2021, 7: 1765-1779.
27	Casas-Ledón Y, Spaudo F, Arteaga-Pérez L E. Exergoenvironmental analysis of a waste-based integrated combined cycle (WICC) for heat and power production[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 164: 187-197.
28	Hepbasli A, Keçebaş A. A comparative study on conventional and advanced exergetic analyses of geothermal district heating systems based on actual operational data[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2013, 61: 193-201.
29	王毅, 杜金宇, 张全国, 等. 生物质锅炉多效烟气净化装置设计与性能研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(2): 313-318.
	Wang Y, Du J Y, Zhang Q G, et al. Research on multiple purification device design and performance of biomass boiler flue gas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(2): 313-318.
30	Zeng J Q, Li Z Y, Peng Z Y. Advanced exergy analysis of solar absorption-subcooled compression hybrid cooling system[J]. International Journal of Green Energy, 2022, 19(3): 219-241.
31	Tian Y N, Zhang T, Xie N N, et al. Conventional and advanced exergy analysis of large-scale adiabatic compressed air energy storage system[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 57: 106165.
32	Kazemi N, Samadi F. Thermodynamic, economic and thermo-economic optimization of a new proposed organic Rankine cycle for energy production from geothermal resources[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 121: 391-401.
33	Rayegan R, Tao Y X. A procedure to select working fluids for solar organic Rankine cycles (ORCs)[J]. Renewable Energy, 2011, 36(2): 659-670.

[1]	刘彦贝, 王若名, 刘娟, Raza Taimoor, 陆玉正, Raza Rizwan, 朱斌, 李松波, 安胜利, 云斯宁. CeO₂@La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-_δ 电解质的制备及半导体离子燃料电池性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1353-1362.
[2]	齐珂, 王迪, 谢喆, 陈东升, 周云龙, 孙灵芳. 考虑多物理场耦合特性的固体氧化物燃料电池瞬态特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1264-1274.
[3]	姚国家, 王志, 苏昂, 冯东阁, 唐宏, 孙灵芳. 空气系数对煤粉预热解燃烧特性的影响分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1243-1252.
[4]	翟紫航, 蒋杰, 李锦锦, 赵玲, 奚桢浩. 基于2，5-呋喃二甲酸的三元无规共聚酯PBSF的制备与性能[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 868-878.
[5]	杨晋宁, 王卫凡, 徐冬, 刘毅, 翁小涵, 原野, 王志. 工业烟道气碳捕集膜技术放大研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 504-518.
[6]	韩启沃, 刘永峰, 裴普成, 张璐, 姚圣卓. 工作温度对PEMFC水分布、质子传输及性能影响分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 374-384.
[7]	陈森洋, 靳蒲航, 谭志明, 谢公南. 质子交换膜燃料电池中蛇形流道液滴运动数值仿真研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 183-194.
[8]	赵振刚, 周梦瑶, 金典, 张大骋. 基于泡沫碳扩散层的直接甲醇燃料电池改性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(S1): 259-266.
[9]	吴学红, 韦新, 侯加文, 吕财, 刘勇, 刘鹤, 常志娟. 热解法制备碳纳米管及其在散热涂层中的应用研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3360-3368.
[10]	卢昕悦, 陈锐莹, 姜夏雪, 梁海瑞, 高歌, 叶正芳. 耦合LNG冷能的液态空气储能系统和液态CO₂储能系统对比分析[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3297-3309.
[11]	陈巨辉, 苏潼, 李丹, 陈立伟, 吕文生, 孟凡奇. 翅形扰流片作用下的微通道换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(9): 3122-3132.
[12]	朱楼, 宋杨凡, 王猛, 施睿鹏, 厉彦民, 陈鸿伟, 刘卓, 魏翔. 中心脉冲气-液-固循环流化床微生物燃料电池产电特性[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 2991-3001.
[13]	豆少军, 郝亮. PEMFC催化层耦合气体电荷传输过程的介观模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 3002-3010.
[14]	王倩倩, 李冰, 郑伟波, 崔国民, 赵兵涛, 明平文. 氢燃料电池局部动态特征三维模型[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 2812-2820.
[15]	黄晓峰, 刘朝晖, 杨帆. 高密度碳氢燃料JP-10流动换热及热裂解结焦实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 2917-2928.