蜜胺-环氧树脂双层包覆聚磷酸铵及其阻燃PP的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对聚磷酸铵(APP)耐水性不足、与聚丙烯(PP)等高分子材料相容性差等问题，采用甲醛-三聚氰胺(蜜胺树脂)和环氧树脂双层包覆了APP(EM-APP)，采用红外、扫描电镜、热重分析、溶解度测试等方式表征了包覆效果；采用水平垂直燃烧、氧指数仪和锥形量热仪、热重-红外联用等设备考察了包覆APP用于阻燃PP的效果，探讨了阻燃机理。结果表明：包覆操作不但有效提高了APP的耐水性，且将具有成炭功能的包覆层引入到APP表面；EM-APP相较APP，800℃时残炭量提高14.2%，在聚丙烯中加入同样质量份时，前者具有更高的阻燃效率，热释放速率、总热释放量、烟释放速率和总烟释放量都明显降低；包覆改善了APP与PP的相容性；燃烧过程中包覆层起到了协同成炭的作用。

关键词: 聚合物, 蜜胺树脂, 环氧树脂, 聚磷酸铵, 热解, 聚丙烯, 复合材料

Abstract:

For the problem of insufficient water resistance of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and poor compatibility with polymer materials such as polypropylene(PP), APP (EM-APP) is coated with formaldehyde-melamine (melamine resin) and epoxy resin double layer. The coating effect was characterized by means of FT-IR, SEM, TGA and water solubility test. The effects of coating APP on flame retardant PP were investigated by means of horizontal vertical combustion, oxygen index instrument, cone calorimeter and thermo gravimetric-infrared combination, and the flame retardant mechanism was discussed.The results show that the coating operation not only improves the water resistance of APP effectively, but also introduces the coating layer with charring function to the surface of APP. Compared with APP, the residual carbon content of EM-APP increases by 14.2% at 800℃. When the same mass fraction of flame retardant is added to polypropylene, EM-APP has higher flame retardant efficiency, and its heat release rate, total heat release, smoke release rate and total smoke release were significantly reduced. The compatibility between APP and PP is improved by coating treatment. The coatings play a synergistic role in charring during combustion.

Key words: polymer, melamine resin, epoxy resin, ammonium polyphosphate, pyrolysis, polypropylene, composites

中图分类号:

TQ 317.9

于守武, 肖淑娟, 赵泽文, 霍晓文, 魏俊富. 蜜胺-环氧树脂双层包覆聚磷酸铵及其阻燃PP的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(6): 2370-2376.

Shouwu YU, Shujuan XIAO, Zewen ZHAO, Xiaowen HUO, Junfu WEI. Study on ammonium polyphosphate coated with melamine-epoxy resin and its application in PP[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(6): 2370-2376.

图/表 12

图1 APP和EM-APP的傅里叶变换红外光谱图

Fig.1 FT-IR spectra of APP and EM-APP

图2 APP和EM-APP的TG曲线

Fig.2 TG curves of APP and EM-APP

图3 APP和EM-APP的SEM图

Fig.3 SEM images of APP and EM-APP

表1 PP及阻燃PP的阻燃性能测试结果

Table 1 Flame retardancy of PP and flame retardant PP

样品	极限氧指数/%	水平燃烧等级	是否熔滴	t _f/s	垂直燃烧等级
PP	17.5	无等级	是	—	无等级
PP/APP/CFA	27.5	HB	否	8.2	V-0
EMFR-PP	31.5	HB	否	3.0	V-0

图4 PP和EMFR-PP的热释放速率曲线

Fig.4 HRR curves of PP and EMFR-PP

图5 PP和EMFR-PP的总热释放曲线

Fig.5 THR curves of PP and EMFR-PP

图6 PP和EMFR-PP的烟释放速率曲线

Fig.6 SPR curves of PP and EMFR-PP

图7 PP和EMFR-PP的总烟释放量曲线

Fig.7 TSP curves of PP and EMFR-PP

图8 PP和EMFR-PP的残炭照片

Fig.8 Residue photos of PP and EMFR-PP

图9 不同温度下EM-APP热裂解气体的FT-IR谱图

Fig.9 FT-IR spectra of pyrolysis gases EM-APP at different temperatures

图10 PP和EMFR-PP最大热失重温度时的裂解产物的FT-IR谱图

Fig.10 FT-IR spectra of pyrolysis products of PP and EMFR-PP at maximum thermal weight loss temperature

图11 EMFR-PP的SEM图

Fig.11 SEM image of EMFR-PP (impact section)

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