高效包埋硝化活性填料硝化特性及应用研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190953

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察市政污水条件下高效包埋填料的硝化特性，采用聚乙烯醇对硝化细菌进行固定化处理。实验室恢复培养后实验考察了包埋填料对水力停留时间、温度等因素的适应性变化以及包埋填料在市政污水中的应用。结果表明，恢复后的填料实现了氨氧化速率93.20 mg·(L·h）^-1的高表达。在常温条件下，水力停留时间对包埋填料硝化速率影响较小；温度对硝化速率影响显著，当水温为12℃时，氨氧化速率最高为30.70 mg·(L·h）^-1。在市政污水低温和常温条件下，当水力停留时间分别为3 h和1 h时，进水氨氮基本完全去除，表明包埋填料用于市政污水硝化是完全可行的。扫描电镜结果显示填料内部有良好的孔隙度，网状结构明显；荧光定量PCR结果表明细菌大量增殖，说明填料为微生物提供了良好的生长微环境。

关键词: 固定化, 硝化活性填料, 硝化特性, 水力停留时间, 温度, 荧光定量PCR

Abstract:

In order to investigate nitrification characteristics of high-efficiency embedded filler under municipal sewage, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to immobilize nitrifying bacteria. After the recovery culture in the laboratory, the experimental study on the adaptability of the embedded filler to the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature and the application of the embedded filler in municipal sewage. The results showed that the efficiency of filler reached 93.20 mg·(L·h)^-1eventually after recovery culture. Under normal temperature conditions, HRT has little effect on the nitrification efficiency of embedded filler; temperature has a significant effect on nitrification efficiency. When the water temperature was 12℃, the ammonia oxidation rate of the filler was up to 30.70 mg·(L·h)^-1. Under the conditions of low temperature and normal temperature of municipal sewage, when the HRT is 3 h and 1 h respectively, the influent ammonia was completely removed, indicating that the embedded filler is completely feasible for municipal sewage nitrification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that the filler had good porosity inside and the network structure was obvious. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed the number of bacteria has greatly increased, indicating that the filler provided a good microenvironment for microorganisms.

Key words: immobilization, nitrifying active filler, nitrification characteristics, HRT, temperature, qPCR

中图分类号:

X 703.1

王少伦, 杨宏. 高效包埋硝化活性填料硝化特性及应用研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 2305-2311.

Shaolun WANG, Hong YANG. Nitrification characteristics and application research of high-efficiency embedded filler[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 2305-2311.

图/表 7

图1 包埋填料活性恢复过程

Fig.1 Active recovery process of embedded filler

图2 HRT对硝化活性的影响

Fig.2 Effect of HRT on nitrification activity

图3 温度对硝化活性的影响

Fig.3 Effect of temperature on nitrification activity

图4 低温条件下HRT对硝化活性的影响

Fig.4 Effect of HRT on nitrification activity at low temperature

图5 包埋填料对市政污水中氨氮的去除效果

Fig.5 Removal effect of ammonia nitrogen in municipal sewage with embedded filler

图6 包埋填料实物及扫描电镜图

Fig.6 Embedded filler and SEM images

表1 AOB的实时定量结果

Table 1 qPCR results of AOB

样本编号	拷贝数×10^-8/(copies/g)
样本编号	定量值	平均值
A1	1.37	1.34
A2	1.56
A3	1.11
B1	3.58	3.21
B2	3.11
B3	2.95
C1	2.15	2.21
C2	2.38
C3	2.12

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